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TRIALS OF IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION ON THE BEACH OF SORRIZO (SPAIN)

TRIALS OF IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION ON THE BEACH OF SORRIZO (SPAIN). P. Fernández-Álvarez , J.M. Garrido and J.M. Lema Department of Chemical Engineering Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain). J. Vila and M. Grifoll Department of Microbiology Universitat de Barcelona (Spain).

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TRIALS OF IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION ON THE BEACH OF SORRIZO (SPAIN)

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  1. TRIALS OF IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION ON THE BEACH OF SORRIZO (SPAIN) • P. Fernández-Álvarez, J.M. Garrido and J.M. Lema • Department of Chemical Engineering • Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) J. Vila and M. Grifoll Department of Microbiology Universitat de Barcelona (Spain) VERTIMAR 2005 Vigo, July 14th 2005

  2. Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) 1. OBJECTIVE2. INTRODUCTION3. MATERIALS AND METHODS4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION5. CONCLUSIONS

  3. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)1. OBJECTIVE Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) The assessment of the efficiency of several bioremediation strategies on a beach seriously affected by the oil spill of the Prestige. • Who: • Department of Chemical Engineering of the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). • Department of Microbiology of the University of Barcelona (Spain). • When: From April 2003 on. • Where: Beach of Sorrizo (A Coruña, NW Spain).

  4. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)2. INTRODUCTION SANDY BEACHES • Manual recovery. • Specialist beach cleaning machinery ROCKY SHORES • Manual recovery. • Low/high pressure flushing. These techniques are frequently expensive and aggresive to the fauna and flora. Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident1. INTRODUCTION Shoreline clean-up

  5. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)2. INTRODUCTION Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident1. INTRODUCTION Bioremediation • Definition: Act of adding materials to contaminated environments to cause an acceleration of the natural biodegradation processes. • Approaches: • Bioaugmentation: oil-degrading bacteria are added to supplement the existing microbial population. • Biostimulation: the growth of indigenous oil degraders is stimulated by the addition of nutrients. • Requirements: • Establish and maintain conditions that favour enhanced oil biodegradation rates. • A large percentage of oil components are readily biodegradable.

  6. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)2. INTRODUCTION Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Composition of the fuel of the Prestige

  7. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Beach of Sorrizo SPAIN GALICIA Arteixo Beach of Sorrizo (Arteixo, A Coruña, NW Spain) 43º18’N, 8º34’ W Galicia Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident3. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental site: the beach of Sorrizo

  8. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident3. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental site: the beach of Sorrizo

  9. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Assessed products • Nitrophoska Supreme (NPK): commercial nutrients formulation (Compo, Germany; 20% N, 5% P205). • B350: commercial bioaugmentation product (Bio-systems, USA). • L1800: commercial bioaugmentation product with biodegradable surfactants (Bio-systems Co, USA). • Autochthonous culture (UB): obtained by enrichment of fuel-degrading populations from a beach affected by the oil spill of the Prestige. Developed by the Department of Microbiology of the University of Barcelona (Spain). The applications took place between April and October 2003, after a preliminary clean-up of the beach.

  10. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Assessed products The beach was divided into six sections that were treated with the different products.

  11. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments with granite tiles Experiments with granite tiles were performed to minimize the heterogeneity of the environmental samples.

  12. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Supra-littoral tiles Blank L1800 UB B350 NPK Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments with granite tiles The bioremediation agents were applied with the same frequency and doses used on the beach

  13. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intertidal tiles B350 UB UB B350 Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments with granite tiles

  14. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monitoring of the beach • Seawater and interstitial water: • Nutrients • Hydrocarbon-degrading populations • PAH • Sand: • Residual oil • PAH • Percentages of degradation • Granite tiles: • Percentages of degradation • Oxygen monitoring • Rocks: • Percentages of degradation

  15. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Applications Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Level of nutrients

  16. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Applications Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Level of nutrients

  17. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 10-40% Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hydrocarbon-degrading populations

  18. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5-20% Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hydrocarbon-degrading populations

  19. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

  20. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Concentration of residual oil in sand

  21. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Concentration of PAH in sand

  22. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Degradation in sand

  23. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Degradation in rocks

  24. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Degradation of aromatics in tiles

  25. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Oxygen monitoring in tiles

  26. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 18 months after the oil spill the rocks were still coated with fuel oil Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Persistent pollution in rocks

  27. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION How it acts Advantages • It is easily incorporated into oil and reduces its apparent viscosity,increasing thesurface areaof the oil and accelerating microbial degradation. • It may also induce increased microbial activity as asource of bioavailable carbon. • It isreadily biodegradedin the environment. • No long-term toxicityor damage has been documented. • It ischeap. • Its spraying is alow-cost operation. Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Biodiesel Sunflower oil methyl esters produced through the transesterification of sunflower oil.

  28. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Biodiesel-treated face Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Biodiesel The experiments with biodiesel started in March 2004 on a polluted rock from the beach

  29. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 0 days 80 days Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Biodiesel 470 days 150 days

  30. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It did not only acted as a cleaning agent but also as a BIOREMEDIATION agent Percentages of the fractions of the oil from the rock Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Biodiesel

  31. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)5. CONCLUSIONS Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident5. CONCLUSIONS • The environmental parameters were appropriate for biodegradation processes (nutrients, microorganisms). • None of the products enhanced the biodegradation rates in sand and rocks with regard to natural attenuation. • It seemed that photooxidation significantly influenced the degradation processes in the rocky substrate. • The application of the oleophilic agent biodiesel improved the appearance of polluted rocks and seemed to accelerate the biodegradation processes.

  32. Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain)ACKNOWLEGMENTS Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident5. CONCLUSIONS AUTHORS WISH TO THANK: “FUNDACIÓN ARAO” (ARAO FOUNDATION) FOR THE FUNDS PROVIDED TO DO THIS RESEARCH

  33. Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident5. CONCLUSIONS TRIALS OF IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION ON THE BEACH OF SORRIZO (SPAIN) THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION AND… ANY QUESTIONS? Vigo, July 14th 2005 VERTIMAR 2005 Paula Fernández Álvarez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)

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