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Anticoagulants and Coagulants

Anticoagulants and Coagulants. NUR 312 Brenda B. Rowe. Anticoagulants. Prevent thrombus formation and the extension of existing thrombus

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Anticoagulants and Coagulants

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  1. Anticoagulants and Coagulants NUR 312 Brenda B. Rowe

  2. Anticoagulants • Prevent thrombus formation and the extension of existing thrombus • Heparin: onset 20-60 minutes, given via continuous infusion or subc., most common side effect is bleeding, antidote is protamine sulfate, want therapeutic lengthening of clotting time, monitor APTT - should be 1.5-2 x control

  3. enoxaparin (Lovenox • Considered safer and equally effective as heparin • used for prophylaxis • given subcutaneous • patient teaching

  4. Coumadin • Oral anticoagulant • anticoagulant. Effects do not begin for 24 hours with maximum effect in 3-4 days, pt. will receive coumadin before heparin is d/c • increase change of bleeding with aspirin, NSAIDS, & chronic use of Tylenol • Education: avoid diets high in Vitamin K, take at same time, check out OTC drugs

  5. Coumadin (cont.) • PT (prothrombin time) or INR (international normalized ratio) monitor therapeutic results with these lab tests (I.e. PT 1.4-1.6 x control, INR should be 2-3) • Antidote is vitamin K

  6. Ticlid • Inhibits platelet aggregation • used with patients who cannot tolerate aspirin • most common side effect is diarrhea • should not be administered with aspirin • should be given with food • monitor neutrophils & platelet count

  7. aspirin • Antiplatelet • Prophylaxis – MI & TIA

  8. streptokinase • Breaks down formed clot • most effective if initiated within 6 hours of onset of symptoms • severe bleeding occurs frequently & fever occurs in 30% of patients

  9. Clotting factors & hemostatics • antihemophilic factor (AHF) - used to treat patients with deficiency of clotting factor VIII, hemophilia A • human factor IX complex: tx hemophilia B • aminocaporic acid: enhances blood coagulation/used to tx severe bleeding

  10. Topical hemostatic agents • oxidized cellulose (Streptase) • gelatin (Gelfoam)

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