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Catalyst

Catalyst. *No calculators today 1 . Is the following a testable question ? If not, write a similar question that IS testable. “What causes cancer?” 2. Write a hypothesis in IF…THEN…BECAUSE format for the following testable questions

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Catalyst

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  1. Catalyst *No calculators today • 1. Is the following a testable question? If not, write a similar question that IS testable. • “What causes cancer?” • 2. Write a hypothesis in IF…THEN…BECAUSE format for the following testable questions • “Does practicing a sport affect how many points you score in the game? • “Does a person’s age affect how good their memory is?”

  2. Do Another • Write a hypothesis in IF…THEN…BECAUSE format for the following testable questions • “Does the speed you drive your car affect how many accidents you have?”

  3. Agenda

  4. The Steps of the Scientific Method • 1- Identify the Problem • 2- Form a Hypothesis • 3- Experiment • 4- Analyze Your Data • 5- Draw Conclusions • 6. Communicate Your Results

  5. Experimenting • One of the skills a scientist needs is the ability to analyze the experiments performed by others. Knowing what makes an experiment scientifically beneficial enables scientists to determine if the conclusions reached are valid. • A scientist wanted to determine the effects of exercise on weight gain in rodents. To do this, she set up two experiments. She let one rodent exercise regularly while the other rodent’s exercise was limited.

  6. The Two Experiments 9 grams of food a week 10 milliliters of water a week 13grams of food a week 24milliliters of water a week MOUSE RAT EXERCISES REGULARLY Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 2 grams EXERCISE LIMITED Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 14 grams

  7. Cause and Effect • We learned yesterday that examining this relationship is basically the purpose of ALL experiments! • This means we should only change one variable at a time to determine cause and effect • Let’s design a better experiment to determine rodent weight gain

  8. The Two Experiments __grams of food a week __milliliters of water a week __grams of food a week ___milliliters of water a week Type of rodent? ____________ Type of rodent? ____________ EXERCISES REGULARLY Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 2 grams EXERCISE LIMITED Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 14 grams

  9. The Two Experiments 9 grams of food a week 10 milliliters of water a week 9grams of food a week 10milliliters of water a week MOUSE MOUSE EXERCISES REGULARLY Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 2 grams EXERCISE LIMITED Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 14 grams

  10. Before we go on… • What was the hypothesis for the rodent experiment? • IF rodents get more exercise, THEN they will gain less weight BECAUSE exercising burns calories.

  11. Agenda

  12. Variables • A variable is any factor, trait or condition that can exist in changing amounts or types • They are the changing quantities in an experiment! • What were the variables in the rodent experiment? • Food • Water • Exercise • Type of rodent • Duration of experiment • Weight gain

  13. Variables • There are three types: • independent • dependent • controlled

  14. Independent • Independent variables are CHANGED BY THE SCIENTIST – there should only be ONE • It is the thing that we are changing. What was it in the rodent experiment? • Amount of exercise

  15. Dependent • The dependent variable is the focus of all observations. We are observing HOW it responds to the changes with the independent variable. • It is the thing that we are observing. What was it in the rodent experiment? • Weight gain

  16. Controlled • Controlled variables are the things you as the scientist want to remain the same. • They are everything else that could possibly be changed in the experiment but that we want to remain the same. What were some in the rodent experiment? • Food, water, type of rodent, experiment duration

  17. Let’s go back to our hypothesis • IF rodents get more exercise, THEN they will gain less weight BECAUSE… • IF independent variable, THEN dependent variable BECAUSE… • IF you change something, THEN something will happen BECAUSE…

  18. Let’s try an example. • Do students who eat breakfast have higher grades in their first period class than students that do not eat breakfast? • Hypothesis? • Independent variable? • Dependent variable? • Controlled variables?

  19. Hypothesis: A Testable Prediction Independent Variable Dependent Variable Hypothesis: Predicts a cause and effect. Example: Does sunlight cause plants to grow? Example: IF plants get more light, THEN they will grow larger BECAUSE plants use light to make oxygen, which they need to grow.

  20. Hypothesis: A Testable Prediction Dependent Variable Independent Variable Hypothesis: Predicts a cause and effect. Example: Which brand of bug spray is the best? Example: IF you use Off! brand bug spray, THEN fewer bugs will be around BECAUSE Off! has an ingredient that bugs hate.

  21. Practice • What effect does drinking coffee have on your growth? • IF you drink a lot of coffee, THEN your growth will be stunted BECAUSE…. • What is the independent variable in this hypothesis? • What is the dependent variable in this hypothesis?

  22. Independent Practice • Always try to make a hypothesis first (in IF…THEN format). • Then your independent variable will be the IF clause • And your dependent variable will be the THEN clause • Complete the examples and questions in your lesson packet.

  23. Agenda

  24. Consumer Reports Research Project • The question we will be answering is… Which brand of AA batteries lasts the longest for the money? • The independent variable in our experiment is… the different brands of batteries • The dependent variable in our experiment is… the length of time the batteries last • The way we will test the dependent variable is to… take pictures with cameras with the different batteries in them to see which batteries will take the most pictures before dying

  25. Agenda

  26. Exit Slip • 1. In the rodent experiment, what was the independentvariable? • A. Weight gain • B. Amount of exercise • C. Amount of food • 2. True/false: The controlled variables are not usually written down. You must think of them on your own. • 3. “IF you get to school on time, THEN your grade will be higher BECAUSE being in class causes you to know more of the content.” What is the dependent variable in this situation?

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