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How does the cell make the energy it needs to survive?

How does the cell make the energy it needs to survive?. A Sprint through Chapter Nine. The Need for Energy. Almost everything organisms do require energy: Active Transport Cell Division Making Proteins Digesting Food Moving Muscles Listening, Thinking, and Learning. Cellular Energy.

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How does the cell make the energy it needs to survive?

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  1. How does the cell make the energy it needs to survive? A Sprint through Chapter Nine

  2. The Need for Energy • Almost everything organisms do require energy: • Active Transport • Cell Division • Making Proteins • Digesting Food • Moving Muscles • Listening, Thinking, and Learning

  3. Cellular Energy • The cell stores energy in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) • Adenosine Molecule • Three Highly-Charged Phosphate Groups • ATP stores the energy the cells needs in the three phosphate bonds.

  4. Cellular Energy • When the cell needs to use the energy, it must break the bonds of the ATP: • Turns ATP into ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) • Releases energy P P P Adenosine ATP P P ADP P P Adenosine

  5. Cellular Energy • Cells take the energy from food to store energy in ATP. • Usually, the energy from glucose can turn ADP into ATP. • Plants make glucose through photosynthesis in chloroplasts. • Organisms make ATP through respiration in mitochondria.

  6. As You Come In: Answer the questions on the ATP-ADP Cycle Worksheet!

  7. Photosynthesis • Uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars. • Plants take carbon dioxide, water, and light to make glucose and oxygen. • The Formula: http://img.infoplease.com/images/photosynthesis.gif 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  8. Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts. • Chloroplasts are filled with pigments, like chlorophyll, which absorb the energy of light.

  9. Photosynthesis • Light Dependent Reactions • The energy in the light breaks water apart releasing oxygen. • Light Independent Reactions (Calvin) • Turns six carbon dioxides into one six-carbon sugar.

  10. Photosynthesis

  11. Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light C6H12O6 + 6O2 H20 CO2 O2 Reactants Products

  12. Respiration • The process in which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP. • Done by all eukaryotes to turn glucose into ATP. • Anaerobic- without O2 • Aerobic- with O2

  13. Respiration • Anaerobic Respiration • Occurs in cytoplasm • No oxygen • Happens first • Cuts glucose in half to make 2 ATP (glycolysis)

  14. Respiration • Aerobic Respiration • Occurs in the Mitochondria • Requires Oxygen • Produces an additional 34 ATP per glucose. • 2 Steps • Krebs Cycle • Electron Transport Chain http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/40778000/jpg/_40778031_203race-afp.jpg http://www.gamesinfo.com.au/postgames/en/images/vol2/05_the_competition/04_athletics/04_154LR.jpg

  15. Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O26CO2 + 6H2O+36 ATP 36 ATP H20 CO2 O2 Reactants Products

  16. Fermentation • If no oxygen is present after glycolysis, cells begin to ferment. • Lactic Acid Fermentation occurs in animals. • Alcoholic Fermentation occurs in yeast and bacteria.

  17. Cellular Energy Glycolysis 2 ATP O2 X Respiration Fermentation 2 ATP 2 ATP Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Lactic Acid Alcoholic 2 ATP 32 ATP

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