Thursday February 6, 2014

1. Thursday February 6, 2014 Turn in 12.1 assignment Answer these questions: Why was a plan needed to reconstruct the South? What did Lincoln believe about southern secession? Who’s plan called for full citizenship of African Americans? What did Johnson do/not do to be impeached? We will watch a video

2. 12.1 Rival Plans for Reconstruction How did the Radical Republicans’ plans for Reconstruction differ from Lincoln’s and Johnson’s? • Explain why a plan was needed for Reconstruction of the South. • Compare the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress. • Discuss Johnson’s political difficulties and impeachment.

3. Explain why a plan was needed for Reconstruction of the South. When the war ended, the South was in ruins. • homes were burned • businesses closed • properties abandoned • freed African Americans lacked full citizenship and the means to make a living

4. Explain why a plan was needed for Reconstruction of the South. • to help the South rejoin the Union • to rebuild the South’s shattered economy • to create laws to protect freed African Americans A plan of Reconstruction for the South was formed.

5. Explain why a plan was needed for Reconstruction of the South. To many Americans, the most important issue was deciding the fate of the Confederate states. There were conflicting opinions. Try Confederate leaders for treason. Pardon Confederate leaders to begin healing immediately. The President should lead the process. Congress should lead Reconstruction. States should satisfy certain stipulations before rejoining. States should be allowed to rejoin with as few conditions as possible.

6. Explain why a plan was needed for Reconstruction of the South. With the South’s economy destroyed, land became the most valuable asset; who should control it was hotly debated. Forty acres and a mule Southern landowners fought government redistribution of their land. Many northerners felt the confiscation of property violated the Constitution. • Some northerners proposed the federal government should redistribute the land to former slaves. • The plan sought to revitalize the South’s economy and provide income for African Americans.

7. Explain why a plan was needed for Reconstruction of the South. African Americans were free from slavery but their rights were not guaranteed. • did not have full citizenship • could not vote • did not have access to education

8. Compare the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress. Lincoln and the Radical Republicans in Congress were at odds in their proposals to rebuild the South.

9. Compare the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress. Lincoln and the Radical Republicans agreed to establish the Freedmen’s Bureau. The newly-formed organizationhelped feed, clothe, and educate blacks and whites in the South.

10. Compare the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress. After Lincoln’s death, President Andrew Johnson wanted to restore the status of the southern states. • He pardoned those who swore allegiance to the Union and the Constitution. • Each Southern state needed to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment.

11. Compare the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress.

12. Compare the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress.

13. Discuss Johnson’s political difficulties and impeachment. By December 1865, most southern states had met Johnson’s requirements for readmission to the Union. • All southern states instituted black codes. • Many states specifically limited the vote to white men. • Some states sent Confederate officials to Congress. During the required state conventions, however, southern states tried to rebuild their prewar world.

14. Discuss Johnson’s political difficulties and impeachment. Political tensions boiled up in Congress. • Newly arriving southern state representatives were not seated. • A committee was created to investigate how former slaves were being treated.

15. Discuss Johnson’s political difficulties and impeachment. The South’s disregard of Reconstruction efforts angered moderates and Radical Republicans. In response, Congress passed new legislation over President Johnson’s veto. The legislation included: • the Civil Rights Act of 1866. • the Fourteenth Amendment. • the division of the South into five military districts.

16. The Fourteenth Amendment, 1868 • Equality under the law for all citizens • States that refused to allow black people to vote would risk losing seats in the House of Representatives • Confederate officials could not hold federal or state offices

17. Johnson’s opponents failed by one Senate vote to remove him from office. Discuss Johnson’s political difficulties and impeachment. President Johnson continued to veto and work against congressional legislation. Eventually the House voted to impeach Johnson.

19. Pardons to Confederates who swore allegiance to the Union & the Constitution Full citizenship to African Americans “10% Plan” 15th Amendment forbidding states from denying the right to vote (suffrage) 10% of state voters must swear a loyalty oath to the Union Tenure of Office Act (1867) – president needed Senate approval to remove certain officials from office States must abolish slavery and educate African Americans States must ratify 13th Amendment (abolish slavery) Military Reconstruction Act (1867) – divided the South into 5 military districts Recognizes pro-Union governments in TN, LA, AR even though they denied African Americans the right to vote

22. The Fifteenth Amendment, 1870 Under a new President, Ulysses S. Grant, Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment. No citizen can be denied the right to vote because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

23. How did the Radical Republicans’ plans for Reconstruction differ from Lincoln’s and Johnson’s? As a result of the Civil War, the South suffered physical, political, social,and economic destruction. A plan was needed to repair all aspects of Southern life. Both Lincoln and Johnson wanted the southern states to be brought back into the Union quickly, using less punitive measures. Radical Republicans wanted to punish the South for slavery and the war itself. Along the way, President Johnson did no cooperate with Congress’s plans. The issues and results of Reconstruction had consequences for generations to come. Explain why a plan was needed for Reconstruction of the South. Compare the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress. Discuss Johnson’s political difficulties and impeachment.