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Effectiveness of Student Cultural Diversity Learning to Provide Transcultural Nursing Care. Pamela Friesen, PhD, RN and Bernita Missal, PhD, RN. Learning Outcomes.
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Effectiveness of Student Cultural Diversity Learning to Provide Transcultural Nursing Care Pamela Friesen, PhD, RN and Bernita Missal, PhD, RN
Learning Outcomes • Describe use of theoretical frameworks for nursing student cultural diversity learning during a national and international experience. • Discuss implications for effects of student cultural diversity learning on their personal and professional development. • Evaluate student development of cultural awareness following a cultural diversity course.
Bethel University • Private University • Enrollment: 6,000
Nursing Department • Graduate • Pre-licensure • Degree Completion: RN to BSN
Cultural Diversity in Health Care • Required Course • Purpose • Changing World • Course Components
Learning Opportunities • Local and international settings • Cultural assessment with ethnically diverse patients • Application to practice
Stages of Student Experience • Preparation • Cultural experiences • Processing • Evaluation
International Learning • Senior nursing students • 3-4 week duration • Travel international • Faculty members
United Arab Emirates Uganda E
Preparation • Lecture/discussion • Theoretical Framework • Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality • Purnell’s Model for Cultural Competence
Preparation(Continued) • Readings • Case studies • Personal Cultural Heritage
Cultural Experiences • Ethnic speakers • Interviews • Cultural Interactions
Processing of Learning Result or conclusion: • Accepting or finding meaning • Resolving explanation to the dilemma • Partial conclusions • Admitting not enough experience or knowledge so learning is complete • Resisting explanation or conclusion
Processing the Learning Individual processing: • Guided Journaling • Reflective Learning
Group Processing:Meeting together to share experiences/ thoughts
Role of Faculty Member Mentor • Multifaceted role • Preparing for experience • Maximizing cultural experiences • Cultural safety • Debriefing • Past experiences and characteristics
Evaluation • Quantitative Research • Cross-Cultural Adaptability Inventory (CCAI) • Emotional Resilience (ER) • Flexibility/Openness (FO) • Perceptual Acuity (PAC) • Personal Autonomy (PA) • Pre and post course experience • Findings
Evaluation • Qualitative Research • Sample 30 students in Cultural Diversity in Health Care course • Immediately following the course and at 4 months • Content analysis • Themes
Self-Understanding “This course provided me with a better understanding for other cultures and helped me to become more aware of my own cultural bias. Even though I thought I was culturally sensitive, I realized I was ethnocentric.”
Cultural Sensitivity “I have become much more aware of the different belief systems of various cultures. I have alot more patience…Hearing about the Native American culture in class helped me understand when we had a young boy in for surgery. He had several friends come ask what room he was in. It took several attempts to have them understand that he hadn’t even come back yet. The way Dr. Souchay explained the time concept made more sense to me then.”
Shared commonalities “I appreciate the commonalities and celebrate the differences.” “I was surprised at the similarities and enlightened by the differences. I have actually found [the similarities] to be comforting. Different cultures often have more in common than apart.”
Culture Care “As nurses, we need to trust that the client is the expert of their life, culture, and experiences and if we respectfully ask to learn from them, they will tell us how to care for them.”
Relationship Building “I tell them I interviewed [my cultural guide] and that she is from Nigeria. Then I ask [my African coworkers] where they are from. It has been an amazing experience for me! Previously my communication with them was limited. Since my interview, I have approached six people of different cultures in my unit. I now look at them through entirely different eyes. I appreciate their hard work and acknowledge they are valuable team-members.”
Summary • Addressing needs of the changing world in the 21st century • Contribution to nursing education • Contribution to nursing practice • Contribution to nursing research
Contact Information • http://cas.bethel.edu/dept/nursing/