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20th Century Music

20th Century Music. (1900-2000). Movements in 20th-Century Music. Modernism Neo-Classicism Minimalism Popular Music-inspired, Folk-music inspired, Jazz Music-inspired Pieces. Modernism. “Assumptions” of music are challenged and/or taken to extremes

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20th Century Music

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  1. 20th Century Music (1900-2000)

  2. Movements in 20th-Century Music • Modernism • Neo-Classicism • Minimalism • Popular Music-inspired, Folk-music inspired, Jazz Music-inspired Pieces

  3. Modernism • “Assumptions” of music are challenged and/or taken to extremes • Can involve complex rhythms, melodies, and harmonies • “The wierder, the better” • Composers: • Arnold Schoenberg • Igor Stravinsky

  4. ARNOLD SCHOENBERG Mondestrunken (Moondrunk) from Pierrot Lunaire (Moonstruck Pierrot) (1912) • Genre: Song Cycle • Super-complex harmonies with lots of dissonance called atonality • Example of weird instrumental effects and scary-sounding half-sung/half-spoken vocal sound called sprechstimme (song-speech) • Example of Expressionism - movement in arts seeking to express innermost extreme feelings (Freud)

  5. Moonstruck • The wine that with eyes is drunk, at night the moon pours down in waves, and a spring-flook overflows the slient horizon. • Desires shuddering and sweet swim countless through the floods! • The poet, whom devotion inspires made drunk by the sacred drink, toward heaven he turns his entranced head and ,reeling, sucks and slurps the wine that with eyes is drunk.

  6. IGOR STRAVINSKY Part 1 from Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring) (1913) • Genre: Ballet • Example of Primitivism - recalling the prehistoric power of rhythm and form (Darwin) • From ballet based on story of ancient ritual sacrifice of a maiden • Lots of rhythmic complexity - including • SYNCOPATION • Complex tone colors (unusual combinations of instruments)

  7. NEO-CLASSICISM (includes neo-romanticism, neo-baroquism, neo-renaissancism, and neo-medievalism) • A reaction against the wierdness of Modernism • A return to the past in thematic material and formal structures • Composers: • Bela Bartok • Benjamin Britten • Ellen Taffe Zwilich

  8. BELA BARTOK Second Movement: Game of Pairs from Concerto for Orchestra (1943) • Genre: Concerto • A B A’ form - used Classical forms such as sonata and rondo in an established form such as Concerto • Use traditional melodic shapes

  9. BENJAMIN BRITTEN Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra (1946) • Genre: (like a ) Concerto (for orchestra) • Theme and Variations Form • Theme is borrowed from a 17th-century Baroque composer Henry Purcell

  10. MINIMALISM • A movement in music also against the complexities of Modernism • Composers use simple melodic and harmonic ideas and repeat them over and over with very gradual changes • Composer: • Philip Glass

  11. PHILIP GLASS Knee Play 1 from Einstein on the Beach (1976) • Genre: Opera • Simple melodic, harmonic and rhythmic patterns • These patterns are repeated over and over again with subtle changes

  12. POPULAR MUSIC-INSPIRED, FOLK-MUSIC INSPIRED, JAZZ MUSIC-INSPIRED PIECES • Composers look to popular, folk, and jazz music for inspiration and musical material • Composers: • William Grant Still • Aaron Copland

  13. WILLIAM GRANT STILL Third Movement from Afro-American Symphony (1931) • Genre: Symphony • Inspired by African-American spirituals and Jazz music • Featured lots of syncopation

  14. AARON COPLAND Section 7 from Appalachian Spring: Theme and Variations on Simple Gifts (1943-44) • Genre: Ballet • Theme is based on early American Shaker folk hymn called Simple Gifts • Theme and Variaitons form

  15. ELLEN TAFFE ZWILICH First Movement from Concerto Grosso1985 (1985) • Genre: Concerto • Uses instruments from the past - (harpsichord) • Modelled after concerto grosso of Handel and Bach • Example of Neo-Classicism (although it goes back to Baroque music models)

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