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Urban Patterns

Urban Patterns. AP Human Geography. Urban refers to highly developed areas where businesses, people, and industry cluster. Not limited to big cities….also includes sub- urban areas. Where are people and activities distributed in urban areas? What patterns develop in urban areas?.

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Urban Patterns

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  1. Urban Patterns AP Human Geography

  2. Urban refers to highly developed areas where businesses, people, and industry cluster. • Not limited to big cities….also includes sub-urban areas. • Where are people and activities distributed in urban areas? • What patterns develop in urban areas? Urban Geography

  3. Aka “Downtown” • Less than 1% of land area • High % of services, public institutions • High accessibility • Focal point of transportation Central Business District (CBD)

  4. Retailers w/ high threshold • Ex. Department stores • Now replaced by malls • Retailers w/ high range • Specialists, unique shops • Retailers serving downtown workers • Office supplies, coffee shops, dry cleaning, fast food restaurants Who locates in the CBD?

  5. Large public buildings such as libraries, churches, stations and town halls. • Specialty shops and branches of major department stores. • Movie theatres, clubs and theatres. • Very little housing, but often hotels. • Little or no industry. • Offices and other professional buildings. • High pedestrian levels and the greatest parking restrictions. • Geographical center of the settlement. • Area with the highest land value. • Well connected by public transport, with large numbers of passengers. • High traffic levels. Characteristics of the CBD

  6. Chicago

  7. Downtown Traffic

  8. Road and Rail In Chicago

  9. Where is the CBD?

  10. Chicago at Night

  11. Land is expensive in CBD’s • Tokyo, London, NYC • High cost of land forces vertical and underground expansion • Skyscrapers • Underground cities Land Use in CBD’s

  12. Cost of Land per square meter • 1. Monte Carlo, Monaco – $47,5782. Moscow, Russia – $20,8533. London, England – $20,7564. Tokyo, Japan – $17,9985. Hong Kong – $16,1256. New York, USA – $14,8987. Paris, France – $12,1228. Singapore – $9,7019. Rome, Italy – $9,16610. Mumbai, India – $9,163 • Land in LDC’s might be closer to $3-15 per square meter • Rural land is cheaper than urban land Worlds Most Expensive Land

  13. Industry • Have relocated to suburban areas • Old industrial areas (harbors/ piers) are now tourist attractions • Ex. Navy Pier • Residents • Fluctuation: originally rich mansions and crowded apts., then suburbs, now “empty nesters” return in search of nightlife, entertainment, etc. Not Found in CBD’s

  14. Skyscrapers

  15. Montreal, Quebec, Canada

  16. Underground Tunnel System in Montrea

  17. 3 models, all developed in Chicago • Why Chicago? • Flat (prairie) • Few physical features that interrupt growth (except Lake Michigan) • Predict how cities will develop • Where will different groups of people live in urban areas? Urban Models

  18. E.W. Burgess • City grows outward in a series of rings • 5 Rings • 1. CBD • 2. Transition (industry/ poor housing) • 3. Working class • 4. Better homes • 5. Commuters/ suburbs Concentric Zone Model

  19. Concentric Zone Model

  20. Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model

  21. Homer Hoyt • City develops in sectors (sections/ wedges) not rings. • Industry and retail develop along transportation lines Sector Model

  22. Sector Model

  23. Harris and Ulmann • Multiple centers around which activities revolve. Multiple Nuclei Model

  24. Multiple Nuclei Model

  25. Dallas TX (Concentric and Sector)

  26. Wealthiest residents live in CBD and long a commercial spine. • CBD features a market and town square. Latin American Model

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