China and Japan

1. China and Japan 11-18 to 11-20

2. China and the Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 Dominant power in Asia Other Asian countries paid tribute to China China wanted Europeans to do the same

3. China and the Ming Dynasty Hongwu drove the Mughals out of China Hongwu created agricultural reforms, erased Mongol traces in China, promote China’s power and prosperity Lead to increased rice production and irrigation system Brought back Confucian moral standards Merit based civil-service examination However, suspects of plots against him lead to him killing thousands of officials

4. China and the Ming Dynasty Yonglo gained power and sought the outside world Launched 7 voyages led by Zheng He (Jung Huh) Large voyages through Southern and Eastern Asia Floating Cities Gave gifts to other countries to show Chinese Superiority 1433 – China retreated into Isolation

5. Chinese Foreign Relations Keep outsider influence to a minimum. Restrictions on foreign trade – only government could trade at 3 coastal ports Many other merchants began to smuggle goods to European Merchants

6. China and Qing Dynasty 1644 – Manchus – Manchurian people invaded China and Ming dynasty collapsed Rebellions at first, but Manchurians upheld Chinese traditions which lead to gaining of respect Lowered taxes, supported intellectuals Continued isolation

7. Foreign Relations Continued If Europeans wanted to trade with China they would have to follow China’s rules Pay tribute and only trade a certain ports Dutch accepted, Britain did not China made it clear they did not need the support of Europeans “There is nothing we lack, as your principal envoy and others have themselves observed. We have never set much store on strange or ingenious objects, no do we need any more of your country’s manufactures.” Qian-Long

8. Life under the Ming and Qing Valued sons – many girl babies were killed Only sons could conduct religious rituals and sons would have family under parents roof which aided in farming (largely agricultural based economy)

9. Japan 1467-1568 – Sengoku – “Warring Period” Daimyo: samurai warriors became overlords for Japanese feudalism created security for peasants and merchants Oda Nobunaga and others daimyo’s wanted to gain enough power to control all of Japan he was unable to unify Japan and committed “seppuku” a ritual suicide of the samurai

10. Japan Tokugawa successfully unified Japan in 1600 Became the shogun or sole ruler Moved capital to Edo (now Tokyo) Local areas still ruled by Daimyo so Tokugawa required to spend every other year in the capital. When they left, they had to leave their family in Edo as hostages

11. Japan and Europe Japanese welcomed traders and missionaries Portugal: brought goods from Europe (clocks, eyeglasses, firearms) that the Japanese has never seen Daimyo wanted weapons Missionaries were accepted because Japanese linked them with weapons and goods

12. Closed Country Policy Missionaries were devaluing traditional Japanese beliefs Religious uprisings were occurring 1637 – 30,000 peasants revolted, many where Christian Led to persecution of Christians and lead to sealing of borders in 1639 All trade and contact was cut off except in Nagasaki. Japanese were not permitted to leave the country Remained in isolation for more than 200 years