Internal Text Structures

1. Internal Text Structures Descriptive, Chronological, Sequence

3. Which structure is used depends on the purpose of the building or text.

4. Organizational (Internal) Text Structures Why do we need organizational text structures? To help the reader understand the information presented. Consider your purpose when recognizing or using a text structure

5. External Text FeaturesExternal text features are found outside the main body of text. They include: Italics Bold Underlining Indentation Sidebars Pictures and graphics Captions Headings and subheadings Footnotes

6. External Text Features

7. Internal Text Structure is how the main body of the text is organized. It will be organized a certain way depending on its purpose. There are several different internal structures including these: Cause and Effect Comparison and Contrast Listing Sequence or Chronological Definition/Concept Description

9. You�ve been focusing on a certain text structure in our class.

10. Comparison/Contrast Text Structure The modern Olympics is very unlike and yet like the ancient Olympic games. Individual events are different. While there were no swimming races in the ancient games, for example, there were chariot races. There were no female contestants and all athletes competed in the nude. Of course, the ancient and modern Olympics are also alike in many ways. (continued on next slide)

11. Comparison/Contrast Text Structure, cont. Some events, such as the javelin and discus throws, are the same. Some people say that cheating, professionalism, and nationalism in the modern games are a disgrace to the Olympic tradition. But according to the ancient Greek writers, there were many cases of cheating, nationalism, and professionalism in their Olympics, too. The more things change, the more they stay the same, even in the Olympics.

12. Descriptive Text Structure The author describes a topic by presenting characteristics, features, and/or examples. Cue Words include for example characteristics are is/are like consists of

13. Descriptive Text Structure The Olympic symbol consists of five interlocking rings. The rings represent the five continents-Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America-from which athletes come to compete in the games. The rings are colored black, blue, green, red, and yellow. At least one of these colors is found in the flag of every country sending athletes to compete in the Olympic games.

14. More Cue Words for Description above across along appears to be as in behind below beside between down in back of in front of looks like near on top of onto outside over such as to the right/left under

15. Description Text Structure In front of me on the table sat a beautiful pure white bowl, simplistic in design, hiding a decadent surprise inside. . . . As I looked inside I saw on the bottom of the bowl a hot, tender brownie loaded with macadamia nuts. I knew from past experience that the nuts had a creamy and smooth texture, almost like white chocolate.

19. Chronological Text Structure The author presents events in the order they happened. Narrative (telling a story) is often chronological. Cue Words include first, second, third next then finally (dates)

20. Chronological Text Structure The Olympic games began as athletic festivals to honor the Greek gods. The most important festival was held in the valley of Olympia to honor Zeus, the king of the gods. It was this festival that became the Olympic games in 776 BCE. These games were ended in 394 CE by the Roman Emperor who ruled Greece. No Olympic games were held for more than 1,500 years. (cont.)

21. Chronological Text Structure, cont. Then the modern Olympics began in 1896. Almost 300 male athletes competed in the first modern Olympics. In the games held in 1900, female athletes were allowed to compete. The games have continued every four years since 1896 except during World War II, and they will most likely continue for many years to come.

22. Chronological Text Structure This morning my alarm clock went off at five, and I immediately got up. I slipped my clothes on, and following some needed time in the bathroom, I went downstairs to eat my mom�s to-die-for waffles with fruit and whipped cream for breakfast. As soon as I had finished the dishes and grabbed my backpack, I had to run out the door to catch the bus.

23. Sequence Text Structure The author presents steps in the order they happen. Examples include how to do something or how something happens. Cue Words include first, second, third next then finally

24. Sequence Text Structure How to Make Good Morning Wraps First, place the tortillas into a microwave oven, and heat on high until warmed and pliable, 10 to 15 seconds. Then, spread each tortilla with cottage cheese and pineapple, sprinkle with granola cereal and brown sugar, and top with a sliced banana. Next, fold the top and bottom of each tortilla down, enclosing the filling, and roll the wrap tightly into a compact cylinder. Finally, slice each wrap in half across the middle to serve.

25. Sequence Text Structure How a Tadpole Becomes a Frog The first stage of life for a frog, after hatching from an egg, is as a tadpole, also called a polliwog, which breathes using gills and has a tail and no legs or arms.. After a few weeks the tadpole sprouts legs and then arms, its body becomes longer, and its head becomes more distinct. Soon it becomes a froglet, breathing with lungs but still wearing a tail. Finally as it matures into an adult frog, its tail is absorbed by the body, and it continues to breath with lungs.

26. More Cue Words for Sequence and Chronological after afterward as soon as before during finally first following immediately initally later meanwhile next not long after now on (date)