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Module 2

Module 2. Installing and Configuring the Hyper-V Role . Module Overview. Installing the Hyper-V Role Managing Hyper-V Configuring Hyper-V Settings Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking. Lesson 1: Installing the Hyper-V Server Role.

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Module 2

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  1. Module 2 Installing and Configuring the Hyper-V Role

  2. Module Overview • Installing the Hyper-V Role Managing Hyper-V Configuring Hyper-V Settings Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking

  3. Lesson 1: Installing the Hyper-V Server Role • Server Platforms That Provide Hyper-V Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Scalability Hyper-V Architecture Considerations for Disk and Storage Considerations for Networking Considerations for High Availability Changes on the Host after Installing the Hyper-V Role

  4. Server Platforms That Provide Hyper-V • Windows Server 2012 and newer Windows Server operating systems: • Include Hyper-V and other roles • GUI and command-line management • Licensed per processor, includes virtualization rights • Standard edition: two virtual machines with each Windows Server operating system • Enterprise edition: unlimited virtual machines with each Windows Server operating system • Hyper-V Server 2012 and newer: • Includes only the Hyper-V role • Command-line management only (if managed locally) • Free, virtual machines must be licensed separately • Windows 8 and newer Windows client 64-bit operating systems: • Client Hyper-V, does not include server-level features such as high availability or live migration

  5. Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Scalability

  6. Considerations for Disk and Storage • Hyper-V hosts can use • DAS • SAN • NAS (SMB 3.0) • Network shared folders (SMB 3.0) • Virtual Machines require storage for • Virtual hard disk files • Configuration • Checkpoints • Saved state

  7. Considerations for Networking • Hyper-V host should have multiple NICs • Dedicated NIC for Hyper-V management • At least one NIC for virtual machine networks • Two NICs for shared storage • Dedicated NIC for failover clustering (private network) • At least one NIC for live migration • Use fast NICs • NIC teaming for redundancy and throughput • Bandwidth management

  8. Considerations for High Availability • Hyper-V host-based failover clustering • Virtual machines are highly available • Virtual machine-based failover clustering • Cluster roles in virtual machines are highly available • Virtual machine-based NLB • Highly available and scale out web-based applications • Application-specific clustering • Applications are highly available

  9. Changes on the Host after Installing the Hyper-V Role • Hyper-V is installed as A server role • Server Manager, Install-WindowsFeature, dism.exe • Restart required after installation • Hypervisor is added and starts automatically • Windows Server is moved into parent partition • Hyper-V management tools • Additional services • Performance Monitor counters • Applications and Services logs • Hyper-V Administrators group • Windows Firewall rules

  10. Lesson 2: Managing Hyper-V • Overview of the Hyper-V Manager Console Adding the Hyper-V Manager Console Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V • Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer Hyper-V Security Model

  11. Overview of the Hyper-V Manager Console Hyper-V servers Hyper-V server actions Listing of virtual machines Virtual machine actions

  12. Adding the Hyper-V Manager Console • Used for configuring Hyper-V • Also on Hyper-V Server • If adding the Hyper-V role by using Server Manager, Hyper-V Manager console is added automatically • Hyper-V Management Tool is a feature that you must enable • Windows Server - Add feature • Windows 8 - Turn on Windows Feature • Install RSAT and turn on Windows Feature (Windows 7) • If Hyper-V Manager console cannot run on a device • RDP

  13. Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V • Hyper-V module installed with Hyper-V role • Hyper-V can be managed entirely in Windows PowerShell • Get-Command -Module Hyper-V • Get-Help <cmdlet>, Get-Command *part* • Verb-Noun cmdlet name syntax • Get-, Set-, Disable-, Enable-, New-, Add-, … • Get-VMHost -ServerName LON-DC1, LON-SVR1 • Get-VM -HostName LON-HOST1 | Save-VM • Start-VM -Name *DC* -HostName LON-HOST1 • Get-VMHost -HostName LON-HOST1 | ft • Windows PowerShell ISE

  14. Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment • Hyper-V can be a workgroup member • This has no effect on virtual machines running on the Hyper-V host • Domain membership simplifies management • To enable remote management in a workgroup • Enable Hyper-V firewall rules (Server Core only) • Create a local user with the same username and password • Add a local user to Hyper-V Administrators group • Grant administrative rights remotely to local users • Connect to the Hyper-V host in Hyper-V console • Use HVRemote to simplify configuration

  15. Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer • Best Practices are guidelines for typical deployment • Hyper-V BPA includes over 110 rules including: • Hyper-V should be the only enabled role • Server Core is recommended for Hyper-V servers • Domain membership is recommended for Hyper-V • BPA is available in Server Manager and Windows PowerShell • Can scan one or multiple roles locally or remotely • Can filter scan results • Compliance scan returns one of three levels: • Error, Warning, Information

  16. Hyper-V Security Model • Authorization Manager controls Hyper-V security • Challenging to use, not suitable for complex security rules • Depreciated, but still available in Windows Server 2012 R2 • Many administrators use VMM • Simple Authorization is used on Server 2012 R2 • Hyper-V Administrators local and domain groups—are empty by default • Members have full access to Hyper-V • Hyper-V Administrators group is incorporated into Authorization Manager

  17. Lesson 3: Configuring Hyper-V Settings • Overview of Hyper-V Settings What Is NUMA? What Is RemoteFX? What Is Enhanced Session Mode? What Are Resource Pools?

  18. Overview of Hyper-V Settings

  19. What Is NUMA? • NUMA • Enables host to scale up CPUs and memory • Partitions CPUs and memory into NUMA nodes • Allocation and latency depends on relative CPU location • Hyper-V presents NUMA topology to virtual machines • Guest operating system can make decisions on how to use resources • Can minimize cross-node memory access • NUMA spanning enabled at host level • Virtual NUMA topology can be configured at virtual machine level • By default, virtual NUMA aligns with physical NUMA

  20. What Is RemoteFX? • Provides a remote desktop experience that may be equivalent to a physical desktop environment • System Requirements • GPU • Second level address translation • RD Virtualization Host role service • RemoteFX 3D Video Adapter virtual machine hardware • RemoteFX features: • RemoteFX for WAN • RemoteFX Adaptive Graphics • RemoteFX Media Streaming • RemoteFX Multi-Touch • RemoteFX USB Redirection

  21. What Is Enhanced Session Mode? • Remote Desktop over VMBus • Full Remote Desktop capabilities • Shared clipboard • Printers, smart cards, USB devices redirection • Folder redirection • Enabled at Hyper-V host • Guest operating system support required • Windows Server 2012 R2 • Windows 8.1 • Remote Desktop users

  22. What Is Enhanced Session Mode? Virtual Machine Management Service Applications Applications Virtual machine connect Basic Experience Applications Virtual Machine Worker Process Video / Keyboard / Mouse Driver VMBus VMBus Hypervisor

  23. What Is Enhanced Session Mode? Virtual Machine Management Service Applications Applications Virtual machine connect Enhanced session mode Applications Virtual Machine Worker Process Remote Desktop Services VMBus VMBus Hypervisor

  24. What Are Resource Pools? • Resource pools are logical containers • Layer of abstraction between virtual machine and hardware • Virtual machine configured to use the pool • Virtual machine can use any resource from the configured pool • Helpful when moving virtual machines • Resource pools can be used for chargeback • Different resource pool types • Processor, Memory, Ethernet, VHD • Resource pools configured by Windows PowerShell • Get-VMResourcePool • New-VMResourcePool -Name "Contoso Network" -ResourcePoolType Ethernet

  25. Lesson 4: Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking • Overview of Storage Spaces Overview of Disk Deduplication What Is Offloaded Data Transfer? What Is SMB 3.0? Hyper-V over SMB Overview of Network Teaming

  26. Demystifying Storage Appliances • What’s in a storage appliance? • x86/x64 Processors • Memory • Network Adapters • Storage HBAs SAS Clustered Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, Parity etc. Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, Parity etc. “Back” Presents interfaces: iSCSI, FC, FCoE, NFS, SMB Presents interfaces: iSCSI, FC, FCoE, NFS, SMB “Front” Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb FC: 1/2/4/8/16 Gb Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers

  27. Windows Server 2012 R2 File Server and Spaces SAS Clustered Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc. Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc. Windows Server 2012 Spaces  Presents interfaces: iSCSI, NFS, SMB Presents interfaces: iSCSI, NFS, SMB Windows Server 2012 File Server  Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution SMB3/Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb 40Gb/56 Gb RDMA Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers

  28. New Designs: Cluster in a Box 1/10G E or Infiniband 1/10G E or Infiniband Network Network Server Enclosure x8 PCIe x8 PCIe • Flexibility • PCIe slots for flexible LAN options • External SAS ports for JBOD expansion • Office-level power, cooling, and acoustics to fit under a desk • Availability • At least one node and storage always available, despite failure or replacement of any component • Dual power domains Server A Server B • Simplicity • Pre-wired, internal interconnects between nodes, controllers, and storage 1/10G Ethernet cluster connect (through midplane) CPU CPU x8 PCIe x8 PCIe x4 SAS (through midplane) Storage Controller Storage Controller x4 SAS (through midplane) DataOn – DNS 9220 http://www.dataonstorage.com x4 SAS SAS Expander SAS Expander SAS Expander SAS Expander x4 SAS 1 1 23 23 0 0 B ports … … A ports External JBOD B ports A ports Additional JBODs …

  29. Familiar Enterprise-Grade Capabilities Traditional Storage with FC/iSCSI Storage Array Windows File Server Cluster with Storage Spaces • Storage Tiering • Data deduplication • RAID resiliency groups • Pooling of disks • High availability • Persistent write-back cache • Copy offload • Snapshots • Storage Tiering (new with R2) • Data deduplication (enhanced in R2) • Flexible resiliency options (enhanced in R2) • Pooling of disks • High availability • Persistent write-back cache (new with R2) • SMB copy offload • Snapshots

  30. Storage Tiering Improved storage cost-performance with industry-standard hardware Use solid-state drives (SSD) and hard-disk drives (HDD) in tiered storage space Can “pin” high priority files to the SSD tier Storage Spaces Solid State Drives Hot data Storage tiering Cold data Hard Disk Drives

  31. Overview of Storage Spaces • Storage pools – collection of physical disks • Storage Spaces – virtual disks on storage spaces • Storage Spaces features • Resiliency and integrity on standard disks • Continuous availability and CSV integration • Optimal storage use and storage tiering • Multitenancy and isolation Windowsvirtualizedstorage Storage Spaces Storage Spaces Storage Spaces Storage Pool Storage Pool Storage Pool (Shared) SAS, SATA or USB Physicalstorage

  32. Overview of Disk Deduplication • Identifies and removes duplications within data • Without compromising data integrity • To store more data on less space • After data is stored (post-process) • Requires NTFS file system • Failover clustering and shared storage supported • CSV support added in R2 • Can significantly decrease space for VHD library • R2 adds support for live VHD deduplication for VDI • VHDs must be accessed on an SMB 3.0 network share • Deduplication of virtual machines that use local storage not supported

  33. What Is Offloaded Data Transfer? Compares with VAAI • Traditional data copy model • Server issues read request to SAN • Data is read and transferred into memory • Data is transferred and written from memory to SAN • Issues: CPU and memory utilization, increased traffic • Offload-enabled data copy model • Server issues read request and SAN returns token • Server issues write request to SAN using token • SAN completes data copy and confirms completion • Benefits: Increased performance, reduced utilization • SAN must support Offloaded Data Transfer

  34. What Is Offloaded Data Transfer? Compares with VAAI Token Offload write Offload read Token Storage array Storage array Actual data transfer Intelligent Storage Array

  35. What Is SMB 3.0? • SMB is network file sharing protocol • SMB protocol versions are backward compatible • SMB 3.0 features in Windows Server 2012 (R2) • SMB Transparent Failover • SMB Scale Out • SMB Multichannel • SMB Direct (SMB over RDMA) • SMB Encryption • VSS for SMB file shares • Managing SMB file shares by Windows PowerShell • SMB 3.0 is used only if both sides support it

  36. Hyper-V over SMB • Hyper-V data files stored on network shares • Virtual machine configuration, VHD files, checkpoints • Hyper-V supports file shares over SMB 3.0 or newer • File Server and Hyper-V must be separate servers • They must be members of the same Active Directory • Running virtual machine data files can be deduplicated (VDI) • Reliability, availability, and performance as a SAN • Uses SMB 3.0 features • Benefits • Easier provisioning and management • Uses existing infrastructure

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