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This action plan outlines climate change impacts on water resources in key Indian river basins such as Sutlej Upper Catchments, Sutlej Lower Catchments, Kshipra Sub-Basin, and Cauvery Delta by 2050. It identifies challenges such as water quantity, quality, and groundwater overexploitation. The plan emphasizes the need for sustainable groundwater management, conjunctive surface-groundwater strategies, and addressing water quality issues in polluted rivers. Additionally, it highlights the importance of strategic water resource planning and integrated water resource management (IWRM) to build resilience against climate change impacts.
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National Action Plan for Climate Change Support for the National Water Mission
SATLUJ PUNJAB–UPPER CATCHMENTS Surface water resources inflow to Bhakra -major gap in information To yr: 2050 Temperature + 2 degree C –higher in the upper catchment than on plains, may go higher Precipitation and runoff some increase in precipitation, poor accuracy Short term surface water –to 2020 no significant change; increased melt flows from glaciers, reduced melt from snow. • Medium to long term from 2020 • insufficient data to confirm trend • gradually effects of increased glacier and snow melts will affect inflows to Bhakra. • Bhakra can to an extent provide a buffer but glacier loss will be significant. • Require: glacier mass, snow and glacier melt response assessments
SATLUJ PUNJAB –LOWER CATCHMENTS By mid century: + 2 degree C Precipitation:+ 10-15% mainly runoff, limited recharge Evapotranspiration: little change Increased variability of rainfall patterns • Groundwater 45% above sustainable levels • Sustainable GW-key to buffer against CC • Conjunctive SW and GW management
WATER QUANTITY • very limited surface water, groundwater is the key resource and • groundwater overexploitation in some parts • the yield of surface water and groundwater is however more than requirements, • most of this water is lost as the rainfall during to 3-4 months of rainy season WATER QUALITY • WQ issues Kshipra river and some tributary streams very heavily polluted and go dry for periods-no base flow KHIPRA SUB BASIN MADHYA PRADESH Climate Change: To 2050: Temperature: + 2 degree C Precipitation: + about 15% increase in annual rainfall +23% in monsoon rains some decline in the non monsoon rains. Increased variability of rainfall patterns • Present Issues • WATER QUANTITY + WATER QUALITY • limited surface water, groundwater is key resource • groundwater overexploitation in some parts • yield of surface water /groundwater more than requirements, • Most water is lost during rainy season • WQ issues river and tributary streams very heavily polluted and go dry for periods-no base flow
CAUVERY DELTA TAMIL NADU Climate Change to 2050: +2 Degrees C No significant change in annual rainfall South west monsoon would reduce by 10% North east monsoon would increase by 10-15% Increased variability in rainfall patterns Sea Level rise of 0.3 metres • PRESENT ISSUES • limited surface water during SW monsoon • erratic, very intense NE monsoon causes flooding. • saline intrusion, low lying land is unable to drain. • groundwater used to supplement surface water -issues of overexploitation and salinity intrusion. • parts of the coast are eroding river mouths suffer from blockages causing problems for fishing and flooding
Q: How to plan for climate change? • Need a systematic WR planning process for sub basins. • Strategic Planning to follow IWRM, participative and iterative • Plans must be mainstreamed into departments and districts for implementation • CC. projections presently not adequate to make concrete planning decisions-but can support strategies and general direction.
