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Toxoplasmosis gondii

Toxoplasmosis gondii. Dubey , J. P. 2006. http://www.parasitology.com.cn/UploadFile/200957135243451.JPG. A Euglenoid: Euglena gracilis. Ex. Euglena Has algal and protozoan characteristics. Has a primitive mouth. Does not have a cell wall. Has an eyespot. Has flagellum. .

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Toxoplasmosis gondii

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  1. Toxoplasmosis gondii Dubey, J. P. 2006. http://www.parasitology.com.cn/UploadFile/200957135243451.JPG

  2. A Euglenoid: Euglena gracilis • Ex. Euglena • Has algal and protozoan characteristics. • Has a primitive mouth. • Does not have a cell wall. • Has an eyespot. • Has flagellum.

  3. Foraminiferansand Radiolarians • Heterotrophic single cells with chalky or glassy shells live in great numbers in the world’s oceans; cytoplasm extends through many pores

  4. Paramecium

  5. Parasitic Water Molds • Filaments of Saprolegnia infect fish in aquaria

  6. Slime Molds • Have both fungal and protozoal characteristics. • May be cellular or acellular. • Found in soil and on rotting logs. www.genome.gov

  7. Slime Molds www.treknature.com

  8. Acellular Slime Molds • Also called plasmodial slime mold. • Also produce a stalk and spores. • Haploid cells fuse to form diploid cells. • forms large masses of motile, multinucleated protoplasm.

  9. Cellular Slime Molds • Begin life as ameba-like organisms. • If harsh conditions ensue, individual organisms will fuse together to form a motile, multicellular form that is called a slug. • Slug becomes a fruiting body which consists of a stalk and spore cap. • Spores released and are airborne. • If suitable habitat is found, a spore becomes an ameba.

  10. Protozoan Reproduction • Asexual reproduction • Mitosis • produces 2 daughter cells. • Schizogony • Multiple nuclear divisions before cytoplasmic divisions. • Results in more than 2 daughter cells. • Sexual reproduction • Gametocyte production • 2 haploid gametes which fuse to form a diploid zygote.

  11. Protozoan Classification • Based on method of locomotion. • Major groups • Amoebae • Pseudopodia • Flagellates • Possess flagella • Ciliates • Possess cilia • Nonmotile protozoa • Called sporozoa Amoeba. Naegleria fowleri. classes.midlandstech.edu Flagellate. Giardia lamblia. www.pathobio.sdu.edu.cn Cilate. Balantidium coli. www.tulane.edu Nonmotile. Plasmodium vivax.www.dpd.cdc.gov

  12. What is the world’s largest organism?

  13. Blue Whale Giant Sequoia

  14. Honey Mushroom, Armillaria spp.

  15. Fungi • Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes. • Reproduce asexually and sexually. • 5 phyla • based on their mode of sexual reproduction. • Lack chlorophyll. • Have a cell wall made of chitin. • Are saprophytes • “garbage disposers” of nature.

  16. Unicellular Yeast • 3-8 µm in diameter. • Found in soil and water and on skin of many fruits and vegetables. • Reproduce by an asexual process called budding. • Results in the production of a type of asexual spore called a blastospore. • Responsible for beer, wine, leavened bread. • Some species are human pathogens (i.e. Candida albicans). Yeast cells budding. immunenhance.com

  17. Multicellular Fungi • Possess hyphae • A hypha is a tube-like cell. • A mass of hyphae forms a mycelium. • Septate hyphae have cross walls or septations. • Non-septate hyphae lack cross walls or septations. Hyphal structure with septae. www.fungionline.org.uk

  18. Multicellular Fungi Reproduction • Sexual or asexual reproduction. • Can produce sexual or asexual spores. • Sexual spores form by the fusion of 2 gametes. • Asexual spores form in many different ways.

  19. Molds Penicillium, a genus of green mold, attacks many fruits and is the source of the antibiotic drug penicillin. www.britannica.com • Consists of many types of multicellular fungi. • Have great commercial importance. • Consists of many antibiotic producing molds like Penicillium. • Used to make many different kinds of cheese. Moldy bagel. www.sciencedaily.com

  20. There are other types of fungi that are multicellular and are not considered microorganisms.

  21. Fungi and Disease • Are responsible for diseases in humans, animals, and plants. • In humans, infections could be superficial • affecting the skin, hair, fingernails, toenails. • Some of these fungal infections can be more internal and thus be more severe. Ringworm. Tinea corporis. www.research.usf.edu Madura foot.

  22. Lichens • Mutualistic relationship between an alga and a fungus. • Are tough and self-sufficient. • Can inhabit inhospitable habitats such as deserts, newly formed volcanic islands, the Arctic, bare rock. • Grow slowly • Arctic colonies grow 1-2 inches every 1000 years. • Some thought to be over 4000 years old.

  23. The End

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