Warm Up #8

1. Warm Up #8 Answer in complete sentences Who had a better nickname, Charles the Fat or Ivar the Boneless? What made Alfred the Great an effective ruler?

2. European History: 937 – 1028 AD Vikings in America, The Unready King & Beowulf

3. Key Terms/Events Poland Pechenegs Cairo Eric the Red Greenland Leif Ericson Vinland Æthelred the Unready The Church of the Holy Sepulchre

4. Wait, didn’t we learn about a fat guy? Viking raids on Paris led to Charles the Simple giving land to the Vikings, called Normandy, to act as a buffer state against further invasions. The Rus’ establish their capital at Novgorad and then Kiev and lay the seeds for the formation of Russia. Danish armies invade England and establish a presence there. After the Death of Charles the Fat, the Frankish Empire is divided in three, establishing the framework for the separate countries of France, Germany and Italy.

5. 939 AD • The Moors lose Madrid to the Kingdom of Leon.

6. 944 AD • King Edmund I of England takes Northumbria from the Vikings.

7. 957 AD • Olga of Kiev converts to the Eastern Orthodox Church from paganism beliefs.

8. 960 AD • Edgar the Peaceable is crowned King of England. Dunstan becomes Archbishop of Canterbury and Edgar's chief adviser. He reforms monasteries and enforces the rule of Saint Benedict: Poverty, Chastity and Obedience for monks. He attempts to impose celibacy on the secular clergy without noticeable success. • Dunstan actively encourages the Danes to integrate with the English. • SviatoslavI of Kiev conquers the Khazars' imperial power.

9. 962 AD • A Byzantine army under NikephorosPhokas captures and plunders Aleppo.

10. 963 AD • Nikephoros II Phokas is proclaimed emperor by his troops in Caesarea on 2 July. After street fighting in Constantinople between his supporters and the men of the chief minister Joseph Bringas, he enters the city and is crowned emperor on 16 August. In September, he marries the empress Theophano, widow of Romanos II. • Holy Roman Emperor Otto I defeats Mieszko I of Poland, compelling him to pay tribute.

11. 964 AD • Nicephorus II begins a campaign to recapture Cilicia.

12. 965 AD • The Khazar fortress of Sarkel falls to the Kievan Rus. • Byzantine-Arab Wars: Nikephoros sacks Tarsus and destroys the Emirate in Cilicia. Arab raids into Anatolia permanently cease. • Same year, Byzantine troops under NiketasChalkoutzes occupy Cyprus, liberating the Greek population from Arab control.

13. 966 AD • Mieszko I, the first duke of Poland, is baptized a Christian.

14. 968 AD • The Pechenegs begin the Siege of Kiev.

15. 969 AD • John I Tzimiskes becomes Byzantine Emperor after assassinating Nikephoros II Phokas. • The Fatimids conquer Egypt and move their capital from Kairouan (in modern Tunisia) to Fustat, subsequently founding a new capital city just north of Fustat, and naming it Cairo. • Byzantine general Michael Bourtzes seizes part of Antioch's fortifications. The capture of the city from the Arabs is completed three days later, when reinforcements under Peter Phokas arrive.

16. 970 AD • A devastating decade-long famine begins in France. • Byzantine Emperor John I successfully defends the Eastern Roman Empire from a massive barbarian invasion. • Eric the Victorious becomes the first king of Sweden.

17. 981 AD • The Viking explorer Eric the Red-haired leaves Norway to survey west of Iceland. He finds land and calls it Greenland. Hundreds of land-starved Vikings board longships and head west for this so-called "Greenland". • The de facto ruler of Al-Andalus, al-Mansur, conquers and razes to the ground the city of Zamora, as part of his effort to seize the Christian-dominated north of the Iberian Peninsula.

18. 986 AD • Explorer BjarniHerjólfsson becomes the first inhabitant of the Old World to sight North America.

19. 988 AD • The offensive of al-Mansur against the Christian kingdoms continues. He attacks the heart of the kingdom of León. The king Bermudo II has to escape to Zamora, the city of León resists four days but is taken, sacked and burned, Zamora has to surrender and the king must flee to Galicia. • KievanRus' accepts Christianity.

20. 995 AD • Upon the death of Eric the Victorious, he is succeeded by his son OlofSkötkonung as the first baptized king of Sweden.

21. 999 AD • Christianity is adopted in Iceland.

22. 1000 AD • Leif Ericson lands in North America, setting foot on Helluland, Markland and Vinland. • Stephen I becomes King of Hungary, which is established as a Christian kingdom.

23. 1002 AD • Christian armies of Castille led by Count Sancho García and León led by Alfonso V defeat invading Muslim forces under Almanzor. • St. Brice's Day massacre: English king Æthelred the Unready orders all Danes in England killed. • Danegeldis paid by Æthelred the Unready to prevent Viking raids against England.

24. 1004 AD • Sancho III becomes king of Navarre, Aragon and Castille.

25. 1009 AD • The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is destroyed by Caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah.

26. 1010 AD • Beowulf is written anonymously.

27. 1012 AD • Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim orders the destruction of all Jewish and Christian places of worship.

28. 1013 AD • SweynForkbeard, King of Denmark, having invaded England, is proclaimed King all of England in London, forcing Æthelred the Unready to flee to Normandy. • The Jews are expelled from the caliphate of Córdoba.

29. 1014 AD • Battle of Clontarf: Gaelic Irish forces under Brian Boru defeat several allied Viking forces in Ireland, ending their power there but losing Brian in the battle. Battle of Kleidion: • Basil II, of the Byzantine Empire, inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent blinding of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock, and earns Basil II the sobriquet 'Boulgaroktonos' (Bulgar-slayer). • Following the death of Sweyn I, Ethelred II returns to England and reclaims the English crown.

30. 1016 AD • Battle of Ashingdon: The Danes under Canute the Great defeat the English under Edmund Ironside. • George Tsul, ruler of Khazaria, is captured by a combined Byzantine–Rus' force, which effectively ends Khazaria's existence. • Melusof Bari makes a second attempt against Byzantine-held Southern Italy. To support his cause, he hires Norman mercenaries. Unwillingly Melo triggers the rise of the Norman rule over Italy.

31. Homework Today you are receiving a worksheet on the structure of the Medieval church. It is due on Wednesday 1/23 (One week from today). Use the rest of your class time to work on the homework that has been distributed. Ask any questions that you have regarding these assignments or the unit project.