Part III: Some sustainable solutions

1. Part III: Some sustainable solutions • Renewable energy • Waste management • Sustainable design

2. Part IIIa: Renewable energy

3. Renewable energy – is an answer? • Renewable = energy flows which are ”refilled” as they are used • ”Never” ends, little or no pollution, less health hazards • What are the sources of renewable energy?

4. Main one is...

5. Sun as a source of energy http://solarenergybeginning.wordpress.com/

6. Amounts of solar energy http://sunenergyfacts.com/2008/01/solar-energy-fact-1/

7. Solar energy – amount vs use http://sunenergyfacts.com/2008/01/solar-energy-fact-1/

8. Solar energy – direct and indirect • Direct • Solarthermalenergyharvesting • Solarcollectors • Solarphotovoltaics • Passivesolarheating

9. Solar energy • Redundant • Not equally available through the year • Not equally available through the area • Efficiency varies • Applications • Water heating • Solar drying • Solar cooking • Desalination / Distillation

10. Solar thermal collectors http://www.makeitsolar.com/solar-energy-information/02-solar-energy.htm

11. Solar thermal collector

12. Solar panel (photovoltaic) http://www.makeitsolar.com/solar-energy-information/02-solar-energy.htm

13. Solar Vehicle Ideal Energy Chain • Light Energy >> Electrical Energy >> Mechanical Energy >> Kinetic Energy • Efficiency 15-40 % http://www.makeitsolar.com/solar-energy-information/02-solar-energy.htm

14. Passive solar heating http://www.alternative-heating.com/passive-solar-heating.html

15. Passive solar heating http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psheating.php

16. Solar energy – direct and indirect • Indirect • Hydropower • Wind power • Wave power • Bioenergy

17. Hydropower http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/hydropower-plant1.htm

18. Wind power http://inhabitat.com/texas-landowners-say-yes-to-wind-turbines-and-no-to-transmission-lines/

19. Wind power http://keetsa.com/blog/science-and-technology/solar-power/wind-farm-can-produce-1k-megawatts-by-2020/

20. Wind power http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/wind-power2.htm

21. Biomass http://www.theurbn.com/2010/08/raising-profile-biomass-energy/

22. Biomass energy http://www.gametobegreen.com/help/opportunity_biomass.php

23. Bioenergy products http://blogs.princeton.edu/chm333/f2006/biomass/home.html

24. Biomass conversion http://www.alternative-energy-fuels.com/biofuels/solid-biomass/woody-biomass-conversion-technologies

25. Part IIIb: Waste management/the content of this part of the presentation can’t be copied without permission of the author/

26. Waste management hierarchy • Prevent • Reduce • Reuse • Recycle • Recover as Energy • Landfill According to EU legislation

27. PREVENT The best waste is not produced waste

28. REDUCE Better less, than more

30. REUSE When you think it is a waste and I think it is still not

31. http://blastingmat.eu/matot.html

32. RECYCLE When one’s waste becomes another’s treasure

33. Mixed municipal waste

34. http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kierr%C3%A4tys

35. What is recycled in Finland • Cars • Biowaste • Plastic bottles • Metal cans • Cardboard • Electric scrap • Glass • Metal • Plastic • Paper • Textile • Tires • Concrete

36. RECOVER It’s when you burn your trash and heat water with it

37. http://www.ekokem.fi/en/waste-services/waste-treatment/waste-incineration#incineration_of_municipal_and_industrial_wastehttp://www.ekokem.fi/en/waste-services/waste-treatment/waste-incineration#incineration_of_municipal_and_industrial_waste

38. LANDFILL If you have no other choice

39. SUSTAINABLE design(some principles)

40. Low-impact materials: choose non-toxic, sustainably produced or recycled materials which require little energy to process http://www.globehope.com/en/videos/

41. Quality and durability: longer-lasting and better-functioning products will have to be replaced less frequently, reducing the impacts of producing replacements

42. Energy efficiency: use manufacturing processes and produce products which require less energy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dZVIBhKqWc&feature=relmfu

43. Space efficiency: utilize the existing space in a smart way https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4yJGTPUR_0&feature=relmfu

44. Design for reuse and recycling: Products, processes, and systems should be designed for performance in a commercial 'afterlife'. http://www.netcycler.fi/

45. Biomimicry: redesigning industrial systems on biological lines ... enabling the constant reuse of materials in continuous closed cycles... http://www.plastiroll.fi/index.php?main=184

46. Service substitution: shifting the mode of consumption from personal ownership of products to provision of services which provide similar functions. http://www.greenbike.fi/vuokraus.html

47. Sustainability Technology or Attitude?

48. Decision making process • Collect data (both quantitative and qualitative) • Use critical thinking • Make decision

49. What is critical thinking • Thinking like a scientist • If you are a scientist, you evaluate ideas and findings based on the evidence.  You will ask a number of questions concerning the ideas.   What is the evidence supporting the idea?  How well does the evidence support the idea?  What are the limitations of the ideas?  You will also ask several questions when learning about a research finding.  Are there alternative explanations for the finding?  What are the weaknesses of the methodology? What are the limitations of the findings? http://www.psychologyandsociety.com/criticalthinking.html

50. How to think critically about an idea (1/2) • Collect data from different sources • Look for facts rather than opinions • Quantitative data is easier to analyze, but not always sufficient • Use data sources, representing different areas of life (medical, environmental, economic…etc) • Evaluate your data source • Independent • Data collection methods