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One Ontology Spectrum Perspective

One Ontology Spectrum Perspective. Deborah L. McGuinness Acting Director & Senior Research Scientist Knowledge Systems, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Stanford University http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/. Background.

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One Ontology Spectrum Perspective

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  1. One Ontology Spectrum Perspective Deborah L. McGuinness Acting Director & Senior Research Scientist Knowledge Systems, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Stanford University http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/ McGuinness NIST Interoperability Week

  2. Background • AAAI 1999 panel on ontologies generated a discussion on how inclusive we should be when referring to something as an ontology. Panelists: Gruninger, Lehmann, McGuinness, Uschold, Welty generated one perspective on an ontology spectrum. • During this time I was crawling the web for “naturally occurring” artifacts that some called ontologies, thus analyzing (selected) empirical data. • McGuinness wrote a paper expanding upon the spectrum view and giving examples of how something at any point on this spectrum might be used: Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Ontologies Come of Age''. In Dieter Fensel, Jim Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors. Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential. MIT Press, 2003. www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontologies-come-of-age-abstract.html McGuinness NIST Interoperability Week

  3. Ontology Spectrum Thesauri “narrower term” relation Selected Logical Constraints (disjointness, inverse, …) Frames (properties) Formal is-a Catalog/ ID Informal is-a Formal instance General Logical constraints Terms/ glossary Value Restrs. Originally from AAAI 1999- Ontologies Panel by Gruninger, Lehmann, McGuinness, Uschold, Welty; – updated by McGuinness. Description in: www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontologies-come-of-age-abstract.html McGuinness NIST Interoperability Week

  4. Some uses of Ontologies Simple ontologies (taxonomies) provide: • Controlled shared vocabulary (search engines, authors, users, databases, programs/agents all speak same language) • Site Organization and Navigation Support • Expectation setting (left side of many web pages) • “Umbrella” Upper Level Structures (for extension) • Browsing support (tagged structures such as Yahoo!) • Search support (query expansion approaches such as FindUR, e-Cyc) • Sense disambiguation McGuinness NIST Interoperability Week

  5. Uses of Ontologies II • Consistency Checking • Completion • Interoperability Support • Support for validation and verification testing • Configuration support • Structured, “surgical” comparative customized search • Generalization / Specialization • … Foundation for expansion and leverage McGuinness NIST Interoperability Week

  6. Take Home Message Relatively simple ontologies can provide significant value to many kinds of applications A view of ontologies as a spectrum has been useful as a way of introducing ontologies to a broad range of users An expressiveness spectrum has been a useful pedagogical tool While we may choose to make a many-dimensional spectrum, we may consider expressiveness as an important dimension McGuinness NIST Interoperability Week

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