Group 2 : Prep III-T - Amir Aibani - Saad Sohail - Faraz Ahmed

1. Group 2: Prep III-T -Amir Aibani -Saad Sohail -Faraz Ahmed

2. Energy can be obtained from various sources, e.g. fossil fuels, wind and sunlight. These are either renewable or non-renewable resources. Energy exists in various forms e.g. light, magnetic and chemical. All the forms of energy can be converted into power which can be used to do work. Power resources are the items provided by nature which is used to produce energy.

3. Mineral Oil is the most important fossil fuel today. It is also known as ‘black gold’. It occurs in porous spaces of sedimentary rocks and is derived mainly from the decompositition of marine animal and vegetative matter over several million years. It can be found many hundreds of metres underground or under the sea bed. It is a non-renewable power resource. It mainly occurs in dome shaped anticlines between two layers of non-porous rocks. The oil is trapped in the anticline with gas above and water below.

4. There are many uses of Oil in the modern complex world. Mineral oil or crude oil can not be used in its raw state. It has to be processed and refined into useful products such as petrol for cars, airplanes, heating oil, kerosene, diesel oil for trucks and buses. One of the main use of oil is as a source of power. It is used in a thermal power plant to generate electricity. The greatest use of oil is as an indispensable motor fuel. It drives nearly all the motor vehicles and aircrafts of the world as well as a large proportion of trains and ships. It is also used as a lubricant for machineries.

6. Right now, we obviously need crude oil for many things. Without it our world would basically stop dead in its tracks. We need it to get around, make our food. It is a major export for some countries.Basically any plastic product you own, and every fuel you burn, comes from oil. In Pakistan there are many benefits to using Oil. It is the fuel for running the vehicles and it is a resource for electricity generation. Various industries which uses oil creates employment for the people.

7. Pakistan is deficient in mineral oil resources. According to some geologists favorable structural traps are found in large areas of Pakistan. Since 1947 many major discoveries were made in Punjab and Sindh and drilling activities were enhanced in the 1980s and 1990s. However, oil is still the major import item in Pakistan.

8. Drilling activities started in 1966. Until 1978 the Potwar Plateau was the most productive region. Lower Sindh emerged as an oil region in 1981. Union Texas Pakistan made the first discovery in Lower Sindh. The southern oilfields produced more oil in 1997-8 than the northern oilfields. Many of the potential oilfields in the country are still unexplored due to lack of technology and the weak institutional framework.

9. Since the independence in 1947 the government has carried out exploration and development in collaboration with many foreign companies. In the public sector, the Oil & Gas Development Corporation, which was established in 1961, is actively working. More research should be made in oil refining and also in finding more oil reserves in Pakistan. The transportation of petroleum at sea and on land should be developed in a way which makes it efficient to move and also safe without harming the environment.