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Subatomic Physics: Nuclear Processes I A Very Brief Presentation

Subatomic Physics: Nuclear Processes I A Very Brief Presentation. Mr. Bean Physics. Key terms- What is Radioactivity?. Radioactivity– process by which an unstable nucleus emits one or more particles or energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation

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Subatomic Physics: Nuclear Processes I A Very Brief Presentation

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  1. Subatomic Physics: Nuclear Processes IA Very Brief Presentation Mr. Bean Physics

  2. Key terms- What is Radioactivity? • Radioactivity– process by which an unstable nucleus emits one or more particles or energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation • Nuclear radiation- charged particles or energy emitted by an unstable nucleus • Alpha Particle- A positively charged particle, emitted by some radioactive nuclei, that consists of two protons and two neutrons

  3. Key terms (continued) • Beta Particle- an electron emitted during the radioactive decay of a neutron in an unstable nucleus • Gamma Ray- High- energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by a nucleus during radioactive decay • Neutron Emission – The release of a high-energy neutron by some neutron-rich nuclei during radioactive decay

  4. Types of radiation: Alpha Particle, a • Consist of 2-protons and 2-neutrons • Sometimes referred to as He • Atomic mass = Atomic # = Charge = • Barely pass through a sheet of paper • Most massive type of radiation • Ionize matter (remove e-)

  5. Types of radiation: Beta Particle, b • Fast moving electrons • Emitted during the radioactive decay of a neutron in a an unstable nucleus • Charge = • Goes through paper, but stopped by 3mm of Al or 10mm of wood. • Ionize other atoms

  6. Types of radiation: Gamma rays, g • Not made of matter: no mass or charge • Form of electromagnetic energy, i.e. light or X-rays • Very penetrating: 60 cm of Al or 7 cm of Pb • Do not ionize easily, but can cause damage due to its high energy

  7. Types of radiation: Neutron radioactivity • Neutron emission consists of matter emitted form an unstable nucleus • No charge and do not cause ionization like a or b particles • 15 cm of Pb is required to stop penetration

  8. Radioactive decay • Radioactive decay is the spontaneous release of energy in the form of radioactive particles or waves. • This decay results in a decrease over time of the original amount of radioactive material. A = Z = X =

  9. Nuclear Decay: a- decay • Nucleus gives up two protons and two neutrons

  10. Nuclear Decay: b-particle • Nucleus gains a proton and loses a neutron • For convenience, an electron has an atomic # = -1 • b-particle essentially has no mass (9.11 x 10-31 kg)

  11. Energy is released during fission • One mole of trinitrotoluene (TNT) is about 4.8 x 10-18 J of energy • Einstein, E = mc2, m = mass, c = speed of light • c = 3.0 x 108 m/s or 186,000 mi/s • 1 kg of matter is 9 x 1016 J of energy, which is more chemical energy than 8 million tons of TNT

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