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To understand why atoms form bonds

Objectives. To understand why atoms form bonds To learn about ionic and covalent bonds and explain how they are formed . Define a polar covalent bond. Ch. 12 Chemical Bonding - Preview. When representing a water molecule as H--O--H, what do the lines between the letters represent?.

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To understand why atoms form bonds

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  1. Objectives • To understand why atoms form bonds • To learn about ionic and covalent bonds and explain how they are formed . • Define a polar covalent bond

  2. Ch. 12 Chemical Bonding - Preview • When representing a water molecule as H--O--H, what do the lines between the letters represent? Bonds, attractive forces • Write the electron configurations for Fluorine, Neon, and Sodium F 1s22s22p5 Ne 1s22s22p6 Na 1s22s22p63s1

  3. Why do atoms form bonds? What happens when two atoms get close together? What is a chemical bond? • An electrical attraction between nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms. • A bond represents the minimum potential energy for two atoms.

  4. A. Types of Chemical Bonds • Bond – an attractive force (electrostatic) between atoms. • Bond energy – energy stored in chemical bonds; measured as the energy needed to break a bond; describes the strength of a bond.

  5. (a) (b) A. Types of Chemical Bonds • Ionic Bonding • Ionic compound results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal • Transfer of electrons from one atom to another • Force between oppositely charged ions

  6. A. Types of Chemical Bonds • Covalent Bonding • A covalent bond results when electrons are shared two atoms

  7. A. Types of Chemical Bonds • Covalent Bonding • A polar covalent bond results when electrons are shared unequally • One atom attracts the electrons more than the other atom

  8. B. Electronegativity • Electronegativity – the relative ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself • Increases from left to right across a period • Decreases down a group of representative elements

  9. B. Electronegativity • The polarity of a bond depends on the difference between the electronegativity values of the atoms forming the bond

  10. Electronegativity

  11. Electronegativity

  12. B. Electronegativity

  13. C. Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments • A dipole moment results when a polar molecule has a center for positive charge separate from a center for negative charge

  14. C. Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments • Water molecule dipole moment

  15. C. Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments • The polarity of water affects its properties • Permits ionic compounds to dissolve in it • Causes water to remain liquid at higher temperature

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