Who was Responsible for the Attacks? Al Qaeda, Taliban, and the Bush Doctrine

2. Who was responsible for the attacks? 1. Al Qaeda - a terrorist organization led by Osama bin Laden took responsibility for the attacks (3 years after September 11th) 2. Quickly revealed that the government of Afghanistan, known as theTaliban were providing safe-harbor for al Qaeda.

3. Prompted Bush to deliver an ultimatum to the Taliban and al Qaeda and institute a bold new foreign policy plan that became known as the Bush Doctrine.

4. The U.S. policy would come to be known as the Bush Doctrine and can be summarized as follows: 1. The right to secure itself from countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist groups; 2. Preventive war, an attack against a possible enemy to prevent an attack by that enemy at a later time 3. Spreading democracy around the world as a strategy for combating terrorism 4. A willingness to use the U.S. military unilaterally to achieve these goals.

5. So who are the Taliban? ?

6. Origins of the Taliban 1978 1979 Civil war breaks out btwn Soviet-led Afgahn forces against multi-national insurgent groups. Communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) seized power in Afghanistan

7. Help from the U.S. “The enemy of my enemy is my friend” Stinger Missile Operation Cyclone

8. After (post) Soviet-Afghan War Taliban New group New group New group

9. Who is Bin Laden and al Qaeda? ?

10. During Soviet-Afghan War (1979-1989) WEAPONS $$$$

11. After the Soviet-Afghan War Al Qaeda New group New group New group

12. al Qaeda in Sudan (1989-1996)

13. al Qaeda in Afghanistan (1996- ?) Bin Laden Returns to Afghanistan

15. “Our war on terror begins with Al Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group…has been found, stopped and defeated. Freedom and fear are at war. The advance of human freedom…now depends on us.”

16. And tonight the United States of America makes the following demands on the Taliban: • Deliver to United States authorities all of the leaders of • al Qaeda who hide in your land.

17. Taliban refuses without “evidence” – the U.S. on October 7, 2001 launches air strikes

18. Who helped al Qaeda plan/prepare for the attacks of 9/11 and possess weapons of mass destruction? “AXIS OF EVIL” North Korea Iran Iraq

19. FLASHBACK to 1990 Saddam Hussein

20. “The United States will use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf.” - Carter Doctrine (1980) Remember me?

22. PERSIAN GULF WAR (1990-1991)

23. 1990 - Iraq invaded Kuwait Fearing that Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein might next attack Saudi Arabia, Bush rushed troops to the Persian Gulf. The U.S. quickly drove Iraqi army from Kuwait The U.S. stayed in Saudi Arabia Outraged bin Laden who deemed an affront to their faith and as part of a Western plan to destroy Islam. PERSIAN GULF WAR (1990-1991)

24. al Qaeda in Sudan (1989-1996)

25. al Qaeda in Afghanistan (1996- ?) Bin Laden Returns to Afghanistan

27. Who helped al Qaeda plan/prepare for the attacks of 9/11 and possess weapons of mass destruction? “AXIS OF EVIL” North Korea Iran Iraq

28. Secretary of State Colin Powell holds up a bottle of anthrax in his 2003 UN address.

29. March 20, 2003 – the U.S. attacks Iraq

30. War in Afghanistan Timeline (2001-present) ? 2000 Taliban collapses? Oct 2001 U.S. begins attack of Taliban End of 2001 2002-2003 2004 “End to major combat” U.S. pledges to help rebuild Afghanistan “A Marshall Plan For Afghanistan” The first democratic elections are held 2005 The Taliban begins to regroup and attack U.S. troops. 2007 On Feb. 17, 2009, Obama approves sending 17,000 U.S. troops, on top of the 36,000 troops already there. x 2009 2010 Osama bin Laden killed in Pakistan 2011 Obama announces that U.S. combat operations in Afghanistan would end in December 2014, but 9,800 troops would remain in the country. 2014 U.S. halts withdrawal, the Taliban controls or contests over 70 districts and ISIS/ISIL establishes presence and begins to recruit fighters. 2015 2016

31. Iraq War Timeline (2003-present) 2000 Bush delivers “Axis of Evil” speech 2002 U.S. begins air strikes in Iraq 2003 Saddam Hussein Is captured Suicide bomber kills 17 people 2004 2005 U.S. responds with troop surge “Mission Accomplished!” 2007 Widespread sectarian violence between Shias and Sunnis often executed by a militant group that would become ISIS. 2008 The winding down of U.S. involvement in Iraq accelerated under President Barack Obama. 2010 The U.S. formally withdrew all combat troops from Iraq 2011 Iraqi insurgency surged in the aftermath of the U.S. withdrawal. 2014 The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) took over the cities of Mosul and Tikrit. 2015 Obama authorizes airstrikes against ISIL and humanitarian aid 2016