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Grammar

Grammar. Revision for understanding. Subject & Finite Verb. NOTE: Subject is underlined – finite verb is in italics and red The person or thing that does the action of the verb: My sister eats pasta.

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Grammar

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  1. Grammar Revision for understanding

  2. Subject & Finite Verb • NOTE: Subject is underlined – finite verb is in italics and red • The person or thing that does the action of the verb: • My sistereats pasta. • So my sister is the person or thing that is eating. To eat is a verb, sister is the subject • Go to worksheet 16 for more information

  3. Main clause • A main clause can stand alone and make meaning by itself. • It must contain a subject and a finite verb. • You are reading. • For more information see worksheet 18.

  4. Coordinating and subordinating Conjunctions • Makes links between words • Can help you expand ideas and make precise statements • So after the main clause use a coordinating conjunction or a subordinating conjunction before adding a subordinate clause. • NOTE: conjunctions are in bold type

  5. Adverbial Clauses – typical subordinating conjunctions • Adverbial clauses are subordinate clauses which often use the following subordinating conjunctions: Before If In order that Since So that Than Though Unless Until When Whenever Where wherever while After Although As As if As long as because

  6. Adverbial clauses • Answers questions about the main clause: • Where? • When? • Why? • How?

  7. Adverbial clauses of time and place = where and when? • Iwill finish washing up when I have had my tea. • When will I finish washing up? • When I have had my tea. • I will finish washing up. This is a complete idea, a main clause, it can stand alone. • It is further defined, explained and/or modified by the time when I will do it. • Therefore, ‘when I have had my tea’ is an adverbial clause of time. • See worksheet 21

  8. Adverbial clauses of degree and manner = how and how much? • My brother dancesas if he is a robot. • How does my brother dance? • as if he is a robot. • My brother dances is a complete idea. It could stand alone as a sentence. • The style in which he dances, that is, how he dances is only explained in the subordinate clause – as if he is a robot • Therefore the subordinate clause in this case is an adverbial clause of manner. • Worksheet 30

  9. Adverbial clauses of degree and manner = how and how much? • My brotherdancesuntil we turn off his music. • For How long /how much does my brother dance? • Until we turn off his music • The degree to which my brother dances is defined by how much music we let him listen to. • Therefore the subordinate clause ‘until we turn off his music’ is an adverbial clause of degree. • Worksheet 30

  10. Adverbial clause of reason = why? • Vanessawill not wear her red dress because she does not like red anymore. • Vanessa will not wear her red dress = main clause • Because = subordinating conjunction • Because she does not like red anymore is therefore an adverbial clause of reason. • The reason she will not wear her red dress is because... • Why won’t she wear the red dress = reason • Worksheet 31

  11. Adverbial clause of reason = why? • SinceVanessawill not wear her red dress, her motherwill not let her come to the dance. • Her mother will not let her come to the dance = main clause. • Why will her mother not let her come to the dance? • Because she will not wear her red dress • That is – since she will not wear it she may not come...SO... ‘since Vanessa will not wear her dress’ is an adverbial clause of reason. • Worksheet 31

  12. Adverbial clauses of result = why? • Join with the main clause • The lake is so deep that I cannot see the bottom. • So______that = result • Why can’t the bottom of the lake be seen? • Because it is so deep • Therefore the main clause in this sentence has been joined by an adverbial clause of result which tells us why the subject’s (lake) bottom cannot be seen. • Worksheet 31

  13. Adverbial clauses of condition and concession • These clauses do not answer any of the four typical questions an adverbial clause answers, i.e. Where, when, why and how? • An adverbial clause of condition means that the subject is further described or defined by a condition. • In this context I’m talking about condition as, e.g. It is a condition of you coming to CHS that your wear your uniform. • You must go to the office unless you have a uniform stamp. • Therefore ‘unless you have a uniform stamp’ is an adverbial clause of condition. • Worksheet 32

  14. Adverbial clauses of concession • Adverbial clauses of concession are just like all the others; • i.e. They join the main clause with a subordinating conjunction. See the list on worksheet 32 • Vanessa had to wear her red dress whether she liked it or not. • Vanessa had to concede that to go to the dance she had to wear her red dress. • Therefore ‘whether she liked it or not’ is an adverbial clause of concession.

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