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Discover the world of graphic novels and manga, book-length mediums that combine text and illustrations to present captivating stories. Learn about the different elements of a graphic novel page and how to read them. Explore major types of graphic novels, new formats, and the history of comics. Find out why graphic novels and manga are valuable for readers of all ages and where to find them.
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What? Why? How? What in the World??
Same format as comic books • Text & illustrations present information • Medium, not genre • Book-length, usually contain one story
A Graphic Novel Page Pages consist of a variety of elements • Panels-squares or rectangles that contain a single scene • Gutters-space between panels • Dialog Balloons-contain communication between/among characters • Thought Balloons-contain a character’s thoughts • Captions-contain information about a scene or character • Sound Effects-visual sound clues i.e.. Wonk! Pow!
How to Read a Graphic Novel Page Graphic novels are read left to right, just like traditional texts
Dialog Balloons dialog balloons are read left to right or top to bottom as is appropriate. 1 4 2 3 5
2 1 3 But the basic left to right rule still applies to panels 4
2 and dialog balloons as well 1 3 4 5 6 7
Major Types Superhero
Adaptations or Spin-offs
Personal Stories
Toon Books • For age 4+ • Can be read to or by children • Vetted by educators
Manga • Manga=comic books • Period before WWII=beginning of modern manga
First comic “strip” • Appeared in New York World: 1895 • R. F. Outcault • Increased sales
Katzenjammer Kids • 1897 • Used word balloons • Used multiple panels to tell story
Early 20th Century • Windsor McCay • Chalk-talk artist • Broadway musical • Animated movie
Popularity Grows • By early 1900’s, over 150 strips in syndication • 1929: Tarzan • 1931: Dick Tracy
The Comic Book • 1933-reprints of comic strips • Initially free • 1935-original stories & characters • 10 cents each
Popular comics • Superman • First superhero • On newsstands: 1938 • Characters spun-off into radio & movies • Superheroes big during World War II
Shades of things to come… • The Spirit published as book-type supplement • National newspapers • Educated readers
1950’s: comics in crisis! • Frederic Wertham • Comics examined by US Senate • Comics banned and burned
A New Beginning • Late 1950’s: Justice League of America born • 1961: Fantastic Four, Incredible Hulk, & Spiderman • 1960’s: Self-published underground comics
Milestones in the Graphic Novel World • 1978-Will Eisner coins term • 1986- Batman: the Dark Knight Returns • 1987- The Watchmen
1992- Maus: A Survivor’s Tale wins Pulitzer • 2005-”Graphix” imprint launched • 2006- American Born Chinese named NBA finalist for Young People’s Literature • 2007- American Born Chinese wins Printz Award for excellence in YA literature
2007 The Invention of Hugo Cabret finalist for NBA • 2008 Invention wins Caldecott
2007-YALSA creates new annual booklist: “Great Graphic Novels for Teens” • 2009-NYT Graphic Books Bestseller List • 2009- David Small’s Stitches NBA finalist
New Graphic Classics • Marvel Illustrated • IDW • Manga Shakespeare • Classical Comics
President Obama collects both Spider-Man and Conan the Barbarian comics
Why Graphic Novels & Manga? • 6.3 million secondary school students reading below grade level. • Average American age 15-24 spends only 7 minutes of daily leisure time reading. • >57%of high schoolers devote 3 or more hours of an average school day to electronic viewing. • Students with access to variety of reading materials=higher average reading scores.
Graphic Novels & Manga: • Present complex material in readable text • Serve as a bridge to more difficult reading • Challenge readers of more traditional literature • Embrace nature of multimedia world • Fulfill NCTE’s “21st Century literacies” (multiple streams, simultaneous information)
Checking Out Graphic Novels & Manga • Public Library • Local comic stores • Book stores
Purchasing • Many traditional library suppliers offer graphic novel titles. • Local comic stores • Book stores
Collection Development Policies • Clear (enough) definition • Selection criteria • Maintenance • Challenges