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MARINE BIOLOGY

MARINE BIOLOGY. Producers in the Oceans. Autotrophs - make their own organic compounds . Can be done with Photosynthesis OR Chemosynthesis Most are in Kingdom Protista Some are in Kingdom Plantae. Marine Plants. Mangrove Trees. Sea Grasses. Protists (Kingdom Protista).

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MARINE BIOLOGY

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  1. MARINE BIOLOGY Producers in the Oceans

  2. Autotrophs- make their own organic compounds • Can be done with • Photosynthesis OR • Chemosynthesis • Most are in Kingdom Protista • Some are in Kingdom Plantae

  3. Marine Plants • Mangrove Trees

  4. Sea Grasses

  5. Protists (Kingdom Protista) • Any organism that is not a plant, an animal, a fungus, or a prokaryote. • Classified by how they obtain nutrition. • Animallike • Plantlike • Funguslike • We are focusing on the Plant-like protists

  6. Plantlike Protist • Unicellular algae • photosynthetic pigments • Classify by the type of pigments they contain (green, brown, or red-chloroplasts)

  7. Diatoms • unicellular • frustule – glassy shell • The frustules contain silica which cannot decompose • Yellow/brown- carotenoid pigments • Cold water primary producers

  8. Dinoflagellates • Unicellular w/ 2 flagella • 50% photosynthetic • 50% heterotrophs • Cell wall protected by plates made of cellulose • Many are bioluminescent

  9. Bioluminescence • Flashlight fish

  10. Dinoflagellates • Photosynthetic, But many can also ingest food particles. • Reproduce asexually • Can cause Algae Blooms called Red Tide

  11. Red Tide • During a “bloom” of dinoflagellatesthe numbers are so great that it turns the water red. • Some species will release a toxin that effects the nervous systems of fish called…

  12. Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning • PSP is caused by a dinoflagellatespecies that produces a toxin that is taken up by mollusks. • The mollusks are not harmed • When the human eats the mollusks the toxin can cause paralysis or death

  13. Zooxanthellae • Photosynthetic brown dinoflagellates that provide food for their host organism (symbiotic with reef corals) • The host provides carbon dioxide and shelter. • Examples of host organisms: jellyfish, coral, and mollusks.

  14. Euglenophytes • Photosynthetic like plants, but have animal like cells • They use two flagella for movement • Do not have a cell wall • Do have a cell membrane called a pellicle • Finds sunlight by the use of eyespot

  15. Chrysophytes • Plantlike protists that contain gold colored chloroplasts. • Reproduce asexually and sexually • Example: Yellow green algae • Star-shaped internal silica skeleton

  16. Multicellular Plantlike Protists Red, Brown, and Green Algae

  17. Red Algae • Phylum Rhodophyta • Largest group of seaweeds • Chlorophyll a and Phycobilins- red pigment • Most multicellular • Example on previous page: Chondruscrispus- Irish moss

  18. Giant Kelp

  19. Brown Algae • Phylum Phaeophyta • Largest and most complex seaweeds • Chlorophyll a and c, Fucoxanthin- yellow/brown pigment • Multicellular • Structure on previous page • Holdfast, Stipe, Blades, Bladders • Examples: • Rockweed • Sargassum • Kelp

  20. Kelp

  21. Kelp

  22. Rockweed

  23. Rockweed

  24. Green Algae • Phylum Chlorophyta • Cellulose in their cell walls • Chlorophyll a & b • Stores food as starch

  25. Unicellular Green Algae • Ex. Chlamydomonas • Lives in both salt and fresh water • When you see a fish tank or body of water with distinctly green water, an organism like this is present in large numbers

  26. Sea lettuce- Ulva Multicellular green algae Common in Norwalk portion of L.I.S.

  27. Human uses of algae:More than you know!!

  28. ALSO almost ALL brands of Salad dressing Yogurt Toothpaste (often used as a thickener when we want something to have a “gel” texture)

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