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1. Smores
3. Cognitive-Behavioral Theory Roots: Alternative to Behaviorism
Based on Cognitivism, this theory is a response to Behaviorism.
Under behaviorism, learners were considered reactive, not proactive.
Students were expected to be programmed to somehow receive information from instructor, whether they were ready for it or not.
Sources:
http://www.learning-theories.com/cognitivism.html
http://www.coe.uh.edu/courses/cuin6373/idhistory/cognitivism.html
4. Cognitive-Behavioral Theory Roots: Alternative to Behaviorism
As we know, students are not programmed animals.
Under cognitivism, students are rationale; they need to actively participate to learn.
A learners environment activates his/her sensors.
Sources:
http://www.learning-theories.com/cognitivism.html
http://www.coe.uh.edu/courses/cuin6373/idhistory/cognitivism.html
5. Robert Gagnes Conditions of Learning A Cognitive-Behavioral Theory
Gagne built on behaviorist and cognitive theories to develop appropriate method of instruction.
Originally crafted to train United States Air Force personnel.
In the Air Force, many important tasks had to be learned by people with varied learning styles.
Sources:
http://www.hsc.csu.edu.au/pro_dev/teaching_online/how_we_learn/cognitive.html
http://www.coe.uh.edu/courses/cuin6373/idhistory/cognitivism.html
http://tip.psychology.org/gagne.html
6. Robert Gagnes Conditions of Learning Nine Events of Instruction
Gagne created the Nine Events of Instruction to teach a multitude of special skills to each learner.
Each event influences a corresponding cognitive process.
Sources:
http://www.hsc.csu.edu.au/pro_dev/teaching_online/how_we_learn/cognitive.html
http://www.coe.uh.edu/courses/cuin6373/idhistory/cognitivism.html
http://tip.psychology.org/gagne.html
7. Nine Events of Instruction
Event
Gain Attention
Inform Learner of Objective
Recall Prior Knowledge
Present Material
Provide Guided Learning
Cognitive Process Influenced
Reception
Expectancy
Retrieval
Selective perception
Semantic encoding
8. Nine Events of Instruction
Event
Elicit Performance
Providing feedback
Assess performance
Enhance Retention and Transfer
Cognitive Process Influenced
Responding
Reinforcement
Retrieval
Generalization
9. Opportunities for Teaching As seen by our smores demonstration, the Nine Events of Instruction could serve as a useful framework for designing a lesson plan.
Lets review
Source:
http://tip.psychology.org/gagne.html
10. What Does This Mean?
Interest the students in the topic.
How We Did It
We showed what a s'more looks like. Then talked about how delicious it is.
11. What Does This Mean?
Let the learners know what they will be learning.
How We Did It
We informed the students that we will be learning how to make a s'more.
12. What Does This Mean?
Get the learners to think about what they already know.
How We Did It
We asked the class if anyone has ever had a s'more? Where? When? What is it made of?
13. What Does This Mean?
Teach the topic.
How We Did It
We showed the class how to make a s'more.
14. What Does This Mean?
Help the learners follow along as the topic is presented.
How We Did It
We provided a picture with the steps on how to make a smore.
15. What Does This Mean?
Ask learners to do what they have been taught.
How We Did It
This is where we gave you all the ingredients needed to make a smore.
16. Provide Feedback Event #7 of Instruction What Does This Mean?
Inform learners of their performance.
How We Did It
This is where we, the teachers, walked around the room to make sure everyone understood what they were doing and helped people who needed assistance.
17. Assess Performance Event #8 of Instruction What Does This Mean?
Evaluate learners on their knowledge of the topic.
How We Did It
This is when we checked to see if your smore was done correctly.
18. Enhance Retention and TransferEvent #9 of Instruction What Does This Mean?
Aids learners in remembering and applying the new skill.
How We Did It
This is when we told you to use what you learned to make a snack during the week.