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Radicalization of the French Revolution

Radicalization of the French Revolution. After the Flight of the King 21 September 1792. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY NATIONAL CONVENTION CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCY REPUBLIC. Main Factions:. The Plain Support went both directions Abbe Sieyes “Centrists”. Girondins Dominant until 1792

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Radicalization of the French Revolution

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  1. Radicalization of the French Revolution

  2. After the Flight of the King21 September 1792 • NATIONAL ASSEMBLY • NATIONAL CONVENTION • CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCY • REPUBLIC

  3. Main Factions: The Plain Support went both directions Abbe Sieyes “Centrists” Girondins • Dominant until 1792 • Constitutional Monarchists • Support from Rural areas • “Right Wing” Jacobins • Dominant from 1792-1794 • Extreme radicals • Support from Urban areas • Robespierre, Danton and Marat • “The Mountain” • “Left Wing”

  4. National Assembly - 1789 CENTER RIGHT LEFT Moderates Girondin Nobles Jacobin Speaker

  5. Key Jacobins • Robespierre: • Known as “the Incorruptible” • “Terror without Virtue is disastrous. Virtue without Terror is powerless.” • The most extreme leader of the French Revolution

  6. Key Jacobins • Danton: • Rallied the French in the War with Austria • Did not support the Terror to the extent of Robespierre

  7. Key Jacobins • Marat: • A Radical Journalist • Called for blood in his publications • Contracted a skin disease from living in the sewers of Paris • (Part IV – 0:30 to 3:00)

  8. First decisions of theNATIONAL CONVENTION • All titles were banned • Subjects were hailed “citoyen” or “citoyenne” (citizen) • What should the new Republic do about the enemies of the Revolution?

  9. Austria attempts to Free Louis XVI • #5 (5:50 – 9:33) Sans-culottes

  10. War with AustriaApril 1792 - 1797 • The Girondins supported the war with Austria • Robespierre was against going to war • Great Powers of Europe were afraid the Revolution would spread • Countries allied against France: Austria, England, Prussia, Spain, Savoy, Holland

  11. War with Austria

  12. The September Massacres 1792 • How did Marat justify the slaughter of all the political prisoners? • 1000 political prisoners were killed in less that one week • Some had been prisoners for three years

  13.  The above caricature was taken from a 1792 British cartoon, published immediately after the September Massacres in Paris.

  14. January 21st, 1793 • December 1792: Louis XVI (Citizen Capet) placed on trial for treason • Condemned to death by guillotine • Distribution of Convention votes • Guilty: 387 • Innocent: 334 Which group was in favor of sparing the King?

  15. Execution of King Louis XVI& Marie-Antoinette “Come all the kings of Europe against us and we will hurl at their feet in defiance, the head of a king”~ Danton #6: (3:00 to 6:12; #7 1:30 to 6:15)

  16. Reign of Terror – Sept 1793 #7 8:30 to end; #8 2:50 to 5:00

  17. Consequences of Terror1793-1794 • 20,000 – 25,000 suspects guillotined • 17,000 is the official count • 40,000 people killed • Suspected Monarchists and Girondins liable to summary execution

  18. Executions During the Reign of Terror What, if anything do you find surprising about this chart?

  19. What was the only possible way for the Reign of Terror to end? With the death of the Jacobins

  20. The Revolution Consumes its own • Marat is stabbed to death by a Girondin sympathizer

  21. April 6th, 1794 • Execution of Danton • He wanted to end the Terror • Robespierre disagreed

  22. Execution of RobespierreJuly 28th, 1794 • This was a key turning point • Guillotined without a trial • Over 90 Jacobin supporters executed • End of the radical ideological component of the Revolution

  23. Constitution of 1795 • Creation of the DIRECTORY (1796-1799) • The Terror comes to an end • Pressure from financial issues & food shortages remained • The climate was ripe for a military coup d’etat

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