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System Analysis: Identifying Actors, Activities, and Business Processes

Learn to identify stakeholders, business areas, and use cases. Develop actor/activity tables for requirements gathering and defining system boundaries.

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System Analysis: Identifying Actors, Activities, and Business Processes

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  1. SYS366 Week 8 Lecture 1: Identifying Actors and Activities

  2. Where are we? • Identified Stakeholder categories/types • Identified business areas & basic processes • Completed interviews with stakeholder rep. • Identified Business Use Cases • Built a Business Use Case Diagram • Wrote Business Use Case Descriptions • NEXT: Create Actor/Activity Tables from Business Use Case Descriptions

  3. Identifying Actors and Activities • Requirements Gathering • find out, in detail, what stakeholders require to achieve their goals • Allows the Analyst to clearly understand users’ requirements • Need to describe the interaction between users of the system and the system itself • Describes what the system is to do, not how it is going to do it

  4. Requirements Analysis: Steps 1. Identify actors vs stakeholders 2. Identify business processes 3. Define the system boundaries

  5. Stakeholders vs. Actors • A stakeholder is someone who has an interest in the system being developed  they may not actually use the system but they may be paying for the development of that system, they may receive the benefits of that system

  6. Actors • An actor represents anything that interacts with the system  humans, devices, other systems, etc • Actors are not part of the system. They are outside of the system boundary but are visible to the system • Can make a service request of the system (initiating system activity) • Can be requested to provide a service (responds to a request initiated by the system)

  7. System Behavior SystemBoundary

  8. Actors • User • Somebody who maintains the data, uses the data or generates reports • Applications • External processes or software systems (email interface, DB repository) • Devices • External sensors (e.g. swipe reader may init security check & authorization) • Time Events • System clock, schedule nightly backup

  9. Actors • To Identify: • actors that initiate activity on the system • Who uses the system? • What other systems use this system? • Who provides information to this system? • Does anything happen automatically? • non-initiating actors • Who gets information from this system? • What other systems does this system use? • Who is asked to provide additional information to this system to complete an action?

  10. UML Notation • Actors are represented in UML by a ‘stick’ person “I am an actor. I play a rolethat involves using the system. I amoutside of the system.” “My name indicates my role.” OrderClerk “I can be a person, a department,a system, hardware, scheduler, and so on”.

  11. Actors • An actor is NOT an object. (An object is inside the system.) • However, an object might store information about an actor. For instance: • Actor is Customer • Class is Customer Information • Object in the class stores information about a particular customer

  12. Business Processes:System Behavior • An activity the system does to achieve its purpose • Purpose: satisfy an actor’s goal • Happens only inside the system boundary

  13. System Behavior SystemBoundary

  14. Business Processes: System Behavior • Identifying Activities: • Ask the following questions: • What initial activity starts the process? • What processes achieve some business goal? • What are the different processes that are used? • What is the activity starts a series of interactions in the system? • Use ActionObject nomenclature to name the activity, e.g. RentCar

  15. Actor/Activity Tables • Used to document the behavior of a system • Includes: • The person who initiates the activity (the actor) • other actors • The activities

  16. Actor/Activity Tables • Sample Actor/Activity table:

  17. Actor/Activity Table - example • RegisterRallyParticipationAAT.doc

  18. OVER TO YOU • Write up the other 5 Actor Activity Tables for the Car Rally

  19. Actor/Activity Table - example • ConsignGoodsAAT.doc

  20. OVER TO YOU • Write up the other 5 Actor Activity Tables for Holly’s House

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