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Sample Collection and Preservation

Sample Collection and Preservation. Importance Safety Quantities Sampling utensils Sample Types Collection Methods Preservation Storage Hold times COCs. Why we sample. To verify compliance for specifications To determine if the processes are efficient. Implement sampling procedures.

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Sample Collection and Preservation

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  1. Sample Collection and Preservation

  2. Importance • Safety • Quantities • Sampling utensils • Sample Types • Collection Methods • Preservation • Storage • Hold times • COCs

  3. Why we sample • To verify compliance for specifications • To determine if the processes are efficient

  4. Implement sampling procedures

  5. Prepare for sampling • Identified in accordance with the sampling plan • Prepare Sampling equipment, containers and labels

  6. Collect samples • Collect samples according to procedures and the requirements of the sampling plan • Collect samples taking account of OHS mearures • to contol risk of injury

  7. Control of Occupational Injury • The control of occupational injury and disease risks should preferably be dealt with in a preferred order or hierarchy. • The control measures range from the most effective to the least effective. • The Hierarchy or Preferred Order of Control is: next slide

  8. Hierarchy or Preferred Order of Risk Control • Elimination - • Substitution - • Isolation - • Engineering Control - • Administrative Control - • Personal Protective Equipment - • Basic Priciple Change work not worker

  9. Manual Powder Sampling With a range of powder samplers, you can sample anything from normal free flowing powders to cohesive sticky powders.

  10. Sack Master The Sack Master has been specially designed to take samples through the side of a sack.

  11. Manual Liquid Sampling Sampling with an Environmental sampelrs

  12. Cream and Paste Sampling Taking cream and paste samples has never been easy or quick.

  13. Samples must be handled and prepared to preserve sample and source integrity Defects or abnormalities in source material and/or sample must be identified and reported Sample information is to be recorded according to workplace sample recording requirements The workplace must meets housekeeping standards Handle Samples

  14. Some Basics • Must be representative • Consider your collection point • Consider the analysis • Sample containers must be clean and free from interference • Must be handled right to avoid degradation, contamination, compromising • Correct collection and preservation • Low level mercury • Biological

  15. Safety

  16. Safety • Assess the potential for hazards • Physical • leaning, stretching, pulling, lifting • Awkward positions • Constituents • Toxic, biological, pathogens • Entry: skin, eyes, nose, mouth

  17. AWKWARD POSTURE A work surface that is too low requires the worker to stoop. A raised work surface allows the worker to work in a more upright posture Reaching up to work at or above shoulder height is an awkward posture A raised platform allows work to be performed at waist height.

  18. AWKWARD POSTURE Awkward bending can be prevented by using bins that open from the side A tilted container provides the worker with easy access to the contents of the container. As the contents are removed, the worker bends over to reach deeper into the bin

  19. AWKWARD POSTURE

  20. Safety General PPE • Gloves • Eye protection • Ventilate area if vapors may be present • Specific PPE • Containment suits • Special gloves, boots

  21. Sampling utensils

  22. Collection Storage

  23. Collection Containers • Manual • Dippers • Buckets • Automated • Flow based • Time based

  24. Manual • Grab samples or composite grab • Mix well before transfer • Proper container • …….

  25. Automated • Usually 24 hour • Flow based more accurate than time based • Clean tubing • 2 sets- one cleaning, one in use • Wear on tubing could change volume pumped • Calibrate pump frequently • NPDES states to pull at least 100ml

  26. Inline

  27. Inline

  28. Collection Containers • Dedicate containers • Clean containers well • Use detergents that are free of interference/contamination potential • Rinse with DI water 3 X • Dry completely • Container should not interfere with analysis

  29. A word about “C” Organic Carbons • Can not use plastic containers to collect VOC, TOC, or any C’s • It will contaminate sample

  30. Storage Bottles • Glass or plastic • Hard glass (pyrex) is preferred • Silica, sodium, and boron may be leached from soft glass but not plastic • Use glass for all organics (VOC, semi VOC, pesticides, PCBs, oil and grease) • Avoid plastic when possible- phthalate esters can contaminate sample

  31. Storage Bottles • Use amber glass bottles to avoid photodegradation • Caps are important too! • No paper liners • Use foil or PTFE liners • Be aware that metal liners can contaminate samples for metals

  32. Quantities

  33. How Much do you need • Most methods tell you the minimum quantity needed • Give yourself some extra • For pre-preserved containers • Make sure that the quantity collected is the right volume. Don’t fill ¼ full if the bottle needs to be full.

  34. Sample Types

  35. Random Sample • Provide “snapshot” • Used for process control • Short hold time • Used when samples are not variable • Used for testing that requires immediate analysis • Cl2, pH, temp, organic, volatiles • Several grabs over time course to show variability

  36. Composite Sample • Represent heterogeneous matrix • Can be set to represent flow based • Can result in loss or dilution of analyte • Can result in increase interferences • Can not be used on certain tests • Cl2, pH, temp

  37. Control Samples • Field blank • Usually DH20 transferred from one container to another while at sampling site • Usually low level contaminates • Lab blank • Usually DH2O analyzed in tandem • Tests for contamination/proper technique • Indicates background levels

  38. Collection Methods

  39. How to collect - Grab • Pole dippers • Secure container • Submerge container • Buckets • Start downstream and move into flow • Syringe • Start downstream and move into flow

  40. secure

  41. Safety

  42. How to collect - Composite • Set Sampler to collect flow based or timed • Determine potential for contamination from tubing • Tubing should be clean • Tubing should be located in area that is representative • Don’t rest on bottom • Avoid dead areas • Needs to be in center of flow

  43. How to collect • Same location every time • TOC and some volatiles should not be put into plastic containers • Transfer quickly with minimal exposure to air • Label the container • Time, date, location, collector

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