Managing Water Supplies During a Drought

1. June 3, 2008 Managing Water Supplies During a Drought Lee Keck, Environmental Manager Tennessee Division of Water Supply Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation

2. June 3, 2008 TAUD Members Managing Water Supplies During a Drought Division of Water Supply / Environmental Manager Lee Keck Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation

4. The Focus of this Presentation is on Assisting CWSs in Managing Drought Impacts

5. What happens in a drought? Or “What can go wrong for a water system?”

6. What do you need most to do?What would you most like to avoid?

7. If You Can Be Impacted By A Drought • CWSs must have an approved EOP (Emergency Operation Plan). They must address drought . • It is a System Deficiency – Revised Sanitary Survey will deduct points for failing to adhere to a plan

8. A Management Plan Can Help You: • Minimize the adverse effects • Make the best use of available water • Allow for predictability and equitability • Provide a basis for management decisions (why and when things are done)

9. Identify the uses of water related to your system • Domestic (single-family, apartment houses) • Institutions (hospitals, nursing homes, schools) • Recreation (swimming pools, golf courses, etc.) • Commercial (car washes, retail, bottlers) • Industry • Agriculture (dairy, livestock, truck farms, etc.) • Environmental (aquatic habitat, etc.)

10. Assess Demand by Use • Base Demands • Domestic Residential, Nursing Homes • Hospitals • Commercial • Industrial • Seasonal Demands • Lawn Watering • Golf Course Irrigation • Swimming Pool • Agriculture (Truck crops, Livestock, Dairy – due to normal sources drying up)

11. Potential Water Quality Problems Associated with Drought • Algal blooms – Resulting in Taste and Odor problems and additional treatment • Temperature – Resulting in Chlorine Dissipation • Waste Assimilation - Inability of sources to assimilate making treatment more difficult

12. Factors in Evaluating Risk • Source Capacity • Diversity of Sources (Surface, Spring, Well, Connections to other PWSs) • Hydraulic capacity (treatment capacity, pumping and transmission capacity, storage capacity) • Deferrable Uses • Vulnerability to other risks (spills, etc.) • Emergency Management Provisions In-Place

13. Steps in Developing a Management Plan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Public Participation

14. Public Participation • Identify Potential Problems • Clarify Public Welfare Issues • Educate the Public

15. Balancing The Water System’s Supply and Demand

16. Unmanaged Water Use Source capacity (declining) System Capacity Water demand (increasing) Wet Normal Dry Very Dry Exceptionally Dry Conditions

17. Managed Water Use Source capacity (declining) System Capacity 1 2 Water demand (increasing) 3 Wet Normal Dry Very Dry Exceptionally Dry Conditions

18. Identify Objectives and Phases • 90-Day Supply or less, a system might impose a 7 percent reduction in use (voluntary) • 60-Day Supply or less, a 17 percent reduction (mandatory restrictions) • 7-Day Supply or less, 30 percent reduction (emergency restrictions and/or rationing) • 3-Day Supply or less, and actions necessary to provide drinking water to those individuals without water

19. Identify Potential Source Conflicts • Golf Course Irrigation Withdrawals • Athletic fields • Nurseries • Pasture and Crop Irrigation Withdrawals • Livestock Water Withdrawals • Industrial Discharges – Waste Assimilation • Industrial Withdrawals • Naturally Occurring Water Quality Issues – Temperature, Taste and Odor

20. Potential Conflicts

21. Potential Trigger-Points • Consider water in storage • Inadequate water pressure • Level of Demand, especially peak demand • Declining Source Capacity

22. Assess Management • Balance of Water Supply to Demand • Available Staff and Equipment (to monitor restrictions, read meters, etc.) • Standby or Alternative Rate Structures and/or Rationing Schemes have been established • Ordinances and By-laws (are in place) • Plan is socially acceptable (Non-Essential Uses are not classified as Essential uses) • Announcement system in place (notification)

23. Permitted Water Uses Normal and Alert Voluntary Reductions Mandatory Restrictions Emergency

24. Define Use Classes Essential 1st Class Essential 2nd Class Non-Essential

25. Non-Essential • Lawn watering • Car Washing (Non-Commercial) • Vehicle Washing Facilities (Non-Recycling) • Driveway, Sidewalk and Patio Washing • Fountains • Golf Courses (Fairways)

26. Essential 1st Uses • Domestic Drinking Water • Hospital and other health care facilities • Nursing Homes • Sanitation • Fire Fighting • Pet Drinking Water

27. Essential 2nd Class • Laundromats (in excess of 50% of previous year’s use) • Vehicle Washing Facilities (including recycling) • Golf Courses (any portion, including greens) • Garden Watering • Watering of athletic fields, trees and shrubs except to sustain plant material • Water used for dust control • Filling or refilling of swimming pools

28. Restrictions in Time of Daywhere there are hydraulic issues • Golf Courses (allow watering of greens between 8 pm and 6 am) • Garden Watering (allow between 8 pm and 6 am) • Watering of athletic fields, trees and shrubs except to sustain plant material (allow between 8 pm and 6 am) • Filling or refilling of swimming pools (allow between 8 pm and 6 am) • Commercial vehicle washing facilities (allow between 8 pm and 6 am)

29. Rationing and Pricing • Based on a per capita amount (registration) • A percent of the previous year’s usage (can be a software issue) • Alternative rate structures (can be a software issue) • Based on a percent of a previous average month’s use

30. Public Notification and Enforcement • Media – Respond to information requests, disseminate information • Letters, Leaflets, Door Hangers • Warnings and Citations • Complaint Responses

31. Other Resources Local Drought Management Guide For Public Water Systems http://state.tn.us/environment/dws/DWprogram.shtml

32. Water Conservation Programs - A Planning Manual (AWWA) • This manual is a water conservation planning guide for all city water utilities. It provides worksheets, steps, goals, and program participant responsibilities and roles. Water conservation rates, involvement of various outside groups, obstacles to overcome, and success measurement techniques are also provided.

33. EPA Water Sense Tips Home Consumers Businesses Utilities Communities

34. Water Conservation Plan Guidelines (EPA) The Water Conservation Plan Guidelines may be viewed and/or downloaded: http://www.epa.gov/OW-OWM.html/water-efficiency/pubs/guide.htm

35. Management Under Normal Conditions • Plumbing Codes (fixture replacement program) • Water Conservation materials / education • Ordinances / By-laws adopted • Facility Development • Meter replacement • Pricing Schemes • Leak detection program • Temporary Sources and Interconnections

36. Application and Agreement for Service I understand that all service is subject to the rules and regulations of the City of Franklin, which may be amended from time to time and that these rules and regulations are part of this agreement.

37. BY-LAWS • 18-127. Restricted use of water. In times of emergencies or in times of water shortage, the city reserves the right to restrict the purposes for which water may be used by a customer and the amount of water which a customer may use. (Adopted 1976)

38. Municipal Code • 18-130. Water shortage policy. (1) No water furnished by the city shall be wasted. Waste of water includes, but is not necessarily limited to the following: • (b) Failure to repair a controllable leak of water; and • (c) Failure to put to reasonable beneficial uses any water withdrawn from the city's system.

39. Water Shortage Declaration • (d) The mayor is hereby authorized to declare a water shortage emergency to exist, and the mayor may declare an end to a water shortage emergency. In declaring a water shortage emergency, such emergency shall be designated Status 1 or Status 2 in accordance with conditions as determined by the Director of the Water and Wastewater System of the City of Little Water.

40. Reporting of PWS Problems • 1200-5-1-.18(2) requires systems to report the failure to comply, failure of equipment, loss of service or any other situation which presents an endangerment • The DWS will work with systems

41. Pre-planning – Authority to plan • Task Force or Group – Establish Process , Goals and Public Involvement • Recognize Existing Plans, Partnerships, Agreements • Coordinate with and Notify State and Regional Agencies • Identify Source Risks, Water Demand, Trigger-points and Plan Phased Responses • Plan for Implementation – Monitoring, Activation of Phases, Staff and Resources Needed, Public Notification and Enforcement • Management Team (Responsibilities) • Review, Evaluate and Up-date Plan Summary of Planning Steps

42. QUESTIONS? & Comments