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Presentation about 'jute yarn manufacturing process'
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JUTE SPINNING TECHNOLOGY Flow chart of jute yarn manufacturing process
PREPARED BY ©right Name : MAZADUL HASAN SHESHIR ID: 2010000400008 Batch: 13th Batch (Session 2009-2013) Department: Wet Processing Technology Email: mazadulhasan@yahoo.com Blog: www. Textilelab.blogspot.com Southeast University Department of Textile Engineering
Jute Spinning Technology Jute Spinning Technology Jute is long soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into yarn. Jute is one of the cheapest natural fibers. Raw jute in the form of bales are processed in jute mills to produce Hessian, sacking, jute yarn, bags, and other useful products. Raw jute bales from jute fields or suppliers, carried by trucks are unloaded are stacked in the jute mills godown. Characteristics of Jute Fibre: Jute is a long, soft, shiny fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is one of the cheapest natural fibres, and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses : Jute fibres are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose, lignin, and pectin. Both the fibre and the plant from which it comes are commonly called jute.
Jute Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus Corchorus, family Tiliaceae. Jute is one of the cheapest natural fibres
Jute Jute fibres are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose (major component of plant fibre) and lignin (major components wood fibre). It is thus a ligno-cellulosic fibre that is partially a textile fibre and partially wood. It falls into the bast fibre category (fibre collected from bast or skin of the plant) along with kenaf, industrial hemp, flax (linen), ramie, etc. The industrial term for jute fibre is raw jute. The fibres are off-white to brown, and 1–4 meters (3–12 feet) long. Raw jute in the form of bales are processed in jute mills to produce hessian, sacking, yarn, bags, and other useful products. jute bales fields or carried by trucks are unloaded are stacked in the jute mills gowdown. jute Raw jute from suppliers,
Raw Jute Fiber Grading: Generally raw jute is divided into two main categories: Bangla Tossa Jute - Bangla White Jute – White /Creamy White/Light Cream/Straw / Light Grey/Light Reddish Or Any color. Golden/Red/Grey/Coppery Grey/Mixed in Color.
Physical properties: 1. Specific gravity- 1.48 2. Moisture – St. M.R 13.75 & absorb 35 – 40% water of its dry weight. 3. Strength- Tenacity-dry 3.5-5 g/d wet lower than dry. 4. Elasticity-Breaking extension – 1.8% Recovery (%) very low. For high tenacity, less extension, high stiffness Jute fibres is brittle & can holds less twist. So Emulsion is 5. added to make it soft. 6. Specific heat is 0.325 7. Resiliency-bad, Abrasion resistance moderate, Dimensional stability-good.
Chemical properties: 1. Effect of bleaches: Not affect by oxidizing or reducing bleaches. 2. Acids & Alkalis: Easily damaged by hot dilute or cold concentrated acids. Resistant 3. to alkalis. 4. Organic solvents: Resistant to organic solvents. 5. Sun light & heat: Poor resistant scorches at high temperature. 6. Resistant to stains: Poor resistant to water borne stains. 7. Biological properties: Scoured jute has good to excellent resistant to microorganisms 8. & insects. 9. Heat: Burns rapidly, Soldering red after glow. 10. Conductivity: Moderate conductor of electricity & heat.
Chemical Composition of Jute Cellulose 65.2 % Hemicelluloses 22.2 % Lignin 10.8 % Water soluble 1.5 % Fats & wax 0.3 %
Count: Count: The weight in lb of 1 spindle or 14,400 of jute yarn is the count of that yarn. Batch: A blend of different types of jute is made up to suit the particular class of yarns being spun, this blend is known as batch. i.e. In batch the no. of bales of jute is selected for making a particular type of yarn. For example, to produce 8 lbs/ spindle Hessian warp yarn, the batch is
Batching: Batching: All the process preparatory to carding includes in the batching. It is the primary stage of jute processing. Object of batching: 1. To help the fiber movement freely during processing. 2. To get expected dampness and flexibility. 3. To reduce harshness or stiffness. 4. To control and reduce the yarn cost. 5. To reduce waste. 6. To intermix the batch component effectively. 7. To produce improve graded yarn.
Factors considered for batch selection 1. Cost of raw materials. 2. Physical properties and quality of jute 3. Availability of jute. 4. Quality of yarn being spun. 5. The processing machineries. 6. Suitability of spinning and weaving. 7. Customers demand. 8. Cost of production.
Emulsion: Emulsion: A mixture of some lubricating agents which is applied on jute fiber to make the fiber soft and flexible. An emulsion is an intimate mixture of two immiscible liquid where one is dispersed in small globules on the other and addition of a third substance brings stability. Emulsion is made by splitting up oil into minute drops which are prevented from reuniting in water. General recipe: Water 73% Oil 25.4% Emulsifier 1.6% Emulsifier: Emulsifiers are surface active agents. These are soaps, detergents, wetting agents.
Characteristics of good quality emulsion: 1. It should be stable for certain time. 2. It should have no bed effect on jute fiber. 3. It should be colorless. 4. It should have high softening capacity. 5. The droplet of emulsion should be so small that it can easily penetrate on the fiber. 6. It must be odor less. 7. It must be cheap and available.
Requirements of good batching oil: Requirements of good batching oil: 1. It must have no harmful effect on jute fiber. 2. Its color must be acceptable so that it does not stain on the fiber. 3. There must be no danger of spontaneous combustion. 4. It should not be rancid or sticky on storage. 5. It must be cheap and plentiful in supply. 6. It should have low viscosity. 7. It should have high lubricating value.
Function of emulsion ingredients: Function of oil: 1. It lubricates the fiber. 2. It helps free movement of fiber during processing. 3. It cleans pins and rollers of the machine. 4. It makes fiber soft and gives good spinning property. Function of water: 1. It increases extensibility of fiber which resists fiber breakage during processing. 2. It gives sufficient dampness and flexibility. Function of emulsifier: 1. It removes temporary hardness of water. 2. It reduces surface tension. 3. It stabilizes the emulsion. Function of urea: 1. It helps easy penetration of emulsion into the fiber. 2. It helps the fiber to be softening quickly. 3. It reduces maturity time to half generally fiber is stored 48 hrs incase of normal emulsion. When emulsion contain urea, it keeps maturity time 24 hrs.
Defects in emulsions: 1. Creaming: when an emulsion is prepared, it is impossible to make all the drops exactly same size, some will be much smaller than others and there will be a few quite large drops. In general, the smaller the drops and the less scatter there is in their diameters the better is the emulsion. If there are a number of comparatively large drops of oil they will slowly rise to the top of the emulsion because of their lower specific gravity until a layer of them forms at the surface of the emulsion. This is known as “creaming”. This can be overcome by arranging a slow-running paddle to keep the contents of all emulsion stage tank in gentle motion as creaming will only occur in a standing emulsion. 2. Breaking: breaking can be regarded as the opposite of emulsification where the droplets of the internal oil phase unite to form large drops which then float to the surface of the emulsion. It is a sign of complete instability in the emulsion and once begun cannot be arrested. No amount of re-agitation will split these drops once they have formed and a broken emulsion is useless.
Types of emulsion making machine: Types of emulsion making machine: 1. Paddle mixer and agitators – (OD batch mixture m/c) 2. Homogenizers. 3. Colloid mills. 4. Ultrasonic emulsion plant.
OD Automatic Batch Mixer: OD Automatic Batch Mixer: Specification: 1. Capacity of mixing cylinder: 1000L 2. Motor for paddle(1 HP) 3. Volume of machine: Length 5’’-3’’, width 2”-2 ¾,Height 5”-10”. 4. Power of production:1-6 tones/hr. ‘OD’ batch mixer is a simple automatic m/c for producing batching emulsion for jute. The percentage of emulsifier, oil and water are measured accurately and automatically by volume. The percentage of oil and emulsifier can be adjusted easily by setting the pointers on oil and emulsifier scale. When adjusted, the machine automatically adds the required percentage of water to complete 1000L. Once the required percentages are set, the machine will automatically continue to measure and mix these percentages each time.
OD Automatic Batch Mixer: After all the ingredients are added, the agitator or paddle starts to rotate at a high r.p.m. then emulsion is formed which is then stored to the storage tank under the mixing tank.
Jute softener machine: 1. Single softener M/c,. 2. Tandem softener m/c. 3. Good softener m/c.
Single softener m/c: Single softener m/c: Construction: These machines consist of 24-64pairs of rollers and these rollers are spirally fluted and jute goes through them. A feed sheet and a delivery sheet is placed before feed rollers and after deliver rollers respectively.
Working principle: Working principle: 1. In this machine, material is feed manually on feed sheet. 2. Then the material goes throw a series of spirally flutted rollers. Spirally flutted rollers have right hand and left hand spiral flutes alternatively. 3. After passing 1/3 area between the feed rollers and delivery roller emulsion is applied over material, which soften jute and a tray below the machine collects excess emulsion. 4. Then through the delivery roller, the material is delivered from delivery sheet.
Pilling or conditioning: Pilling or conditioning: The process by which after applied emulsion, jute fiber is stored at a specific condition for certain time is called pilling. Objects: 1. To soften and split up of jute fiber. 2. To loosen the fiber. 3. To convert the rooty material into spinnable fiber.
Jute Spinning Carding: Carding is a combining operation where jute reeds are spitted and extraneous matters are removed. Jute fibers are formed into ribbon called "sliver". Breaker Carding : In different jute mills the carding operations has been carried out in two ways: a. Hand feed breaker carding b. Rool feed breaker carding The material after piling more than 24 hours is used in hand feed breaker where the material after piling for 12 hours used in the rool feed carding. Finisher Carding: Finisher carding machine make the sliver more uniform and regular in length and weight obtained from the Breaker carding machine. Finisher carding machine is identical to the Breaker carding machine, having more pair of rollers, staves, pinning arrangement and speed. Nearly 4 to 12 slivers obtained from Breaker carding machine is fed on this machine. The material thus obtained is send to drawing section.
Jute Spinning Drawing: Drawing is a process for reducing sliver width and thickness by simultaneously mixing 4 to 6 sliver together. There are three types of Drawing Frame machine. First Drawing: The first drawing frame machines makes blending, equalizing the sliver and doubling two or more slivers, level and provide quality and colour. This machines includes delivery roller, pressing roller, retaining roller, faller screw sliders, check spring, back spring, crimpling box etc. Second Drawing: In second drawing, the Second Drawing Frame machine obtain the sliver from the First drawing machine. The Second Drawing machine makes more uniform sliver and reduce the jute into a suitable size for third drawing.
Jute Spinning Third Drawing: In the third drawing, the Third Drawing frame machine uses the sliver from second drawing. The Third Drawing machine is of high speed makes the sliver more crimpled and suitable for spinning. The comparison of the three drawing process: Drawing Process Ist Drawing IInd Drawing IIIrd Drawing (%) Productivity Mt/mc/shift 1.75 - 2.2 1.62 - 1.9 1.31 - 1.4 55 - 73 64 - 74 67 - 70
Winding Winding Winding is a process which provides yarn as spools and cops for the requirement of beaming and weaving operations. There are two types of winding : (i) Spool Winding (ii) and Cope Winding Spoll Winding: In Spool Winding yarn is produces for warp .Spool winding machine consists of a number of spindles. .The Spool are used in making sheets of yarn to form warp portion used during interlacement of weaving Cop Winding: Cop Winding machine obtain yarns from the spinning machines. The spinning bobbins are placed on a suitable pin on top of the cop machine and yarn tension is maintained by means of a small leaver.
