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ECE 333 Green Electric Energy

ECE 333 Green Electric Energy. Lecture 21 Wind Generator Types Professor Tim O’Connell Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Two Basic Wind Turbine Types. Large (multi-MW) wind turbines are divided into two types 1) Fixed speed 2) Variable speed

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ECE 333 Green Electric Energy

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  1. ECE 333 Green Electric Energy Lecture 21 Wind Generator Types Professor Tim O’Connell Department of Electrical andComputer Engineering

  2. Two Basic Wind Turbine Types • Large (multi-MW) wind turbines are divided into two types • 1) Fixed speed • 2) Variable speed • Here, the “speed” is the rotational speed of the shaft attached to the turbine blades.

  3. Fixed speed turbine • Ironically, fixed speed turbines most often use asynchronous (induction) generators • Stator is connected directly to the grid • Remember, using an induction machine as a generator, the slip is small. • NR is very close to NS over a wide range of output power • NS is fixed by the grid frequency and the number of poles NR

  4. Fixed speed turbine • Pwind = TR*ωR • Since ωR is approximately fixed, sudden variations in wind speed cause variations in: • Rotor torque – causes mechanical stress, wear and tear on parts • Pgrid– variations in grid electrical power cause grid instability Power in the wind TR ωR Pgrid Pwind

  5. Variable speed turbine • Rotation speed of the turbine blade rotor varies as wind speed varies • Most often use DFIGs or PMSGs

  6. Advantages of DFIG vs. Asynchronous Generator • DFIG allows blade speed to vary with the wind speed • DFIG allows optimization of the power captured by the blades and sent to the grid • DFIG eliminates variations in rotor torque and generator output power • DFIG can generate power at lower wind speeds than the asynchronous generator • DFIG has independent control of P and Q to the grid, so it can achieve unity power factor, if desired.

  7. Advantages of Asynchronous Generator vs. DFIG • Asynchronous generator does not require complex bidirectional power conversion circuitry • Asynchronous generator has no slip rings or brushes, so the maintenance required is minimal

  8. DFIG vs. Synchronous Generator (e.g., PMSG) • Both allow variable speed blade rotation, and have all related advantages • Both can remove the gear box by using large number of machine poles. • DFIG can utilize smaller (about 30% of DFIG power) power electronic converters. DFIG PMSG

  9. South Point, Hawaii Wind Turbines

  10. South Point, Hawaii Wind Turbines

  11. South Point, Hawaii Wind Turbines A good site has strong, steady winds!

  12. South Point, Hawaii Wind Turbines

  13. South Point, Hawaii Wind Turbines

  14. South Point, Hawaii Wind Turbines Intricate airfoil shape of the turbine blade

  15. South Point, Hawaii Wind Turbines Cup anemometer

  16. Maui, Hawaii Wind Turbines

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