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Chapter 1 Statistics and the Scientific Method James A. Van Slyke Azusa Pacific University

Chapter 1 Statistics and the Scientific Method James A. Van Slyke Azusa Pacific University. Scientific Method. Relies on objective assessment for knowledge Uses scientific experiments to gain knowledge Data forces scientist to reject or accept their own theories . The Scientific Method .

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Chapter 1 Statistics and the Scientific Method James A. Van Slyke Azusa Pacific University

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  1. Chapter 1 Statistics and the Scientific Method James A. Van Slyke Azusa Pacific University

  2. Scientific Method • Relies on objective assessment for knowledge • Uses scientific experiments to gain knowledge • Data forces scientist to reject or accept their own theories

  3. The Scientific Method • Theory • A scientific theory explains through an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts behaviors or events Testing Hypothesis Theory

  4. The Scientific Method • Hypothesis • Identifying a testable prediction based on the theory Testing Hypothesis Theory

  5. The Scientific Method • Testing • Doing the actual research by application of the hypothesis • Using statistics to infer characterizations Testing Hypothesis Theory

  6. The Scientific Method • All three interconnected • Separate, yet inform each other • Method moves in a circle Testing Hypothesis Theory

  7. Parameter estimation • Actual characteristics of a population are inferred based on measuring a subset of that population • Population – Full group that a researchers is studying • Sample – Subset of that group that is actually studied in a particular experiment • Subject – individual from a particular sample

  8. Description • Random Sample • a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

  9. Experimentation • Experiment • an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe their effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable)

  10. Experimentation • Independent Variable • the experimental factor that is manipulated • the variable whose effect is being studied • Dependent Variable • the experimental factor that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable • in psychology it is usually a behavior or mental process

  11. Calculations • Data • Measurements made on individual subjects within a sample • Statistics • Number calculated on data which gives us information about the sample • Parameter • Number calculated which gives us information about a population

  12. Statistics • Describing a sample set of data by using mathematical measures to characterize it • Descriptive – Techniques used to accurately describe a set of data • Inferential – Techniques used to make inferences about a particular data set

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