Chapter 10 :

1. Chapter 10: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe

2. Charlemagne: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTTaVnZyG2g&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGkUNK8kmDw (9:39) • Grandson of Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) • Built an Empire from the North Sea to the Mediterranean - included most of modern France, Germany, Holland, Switzerland and Northern Italy • Supported by the Pope • He spread Christianity throughout conquered lands. • Re-birth of Education at Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle)

3. Charlemagne: • Founder of the Holy Roman Empire • Differences from the “real” Roman Empire: • How did Charlemagne get the crown? How long did he reign • Effect of Charlemagne on Christianity?

4. Charlemagne: • Charlemagne’s Bureaucracy: • Charlemagne’s effect on Education: • What happened on Christmas Day, 800 C.E.? • What group “threatened” Charlemagne?

5. The Vikings: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fc83VvUeE8&feature=related • Where did the Vikings come from? • What part of Europe did they first raid? • How did the “engineering” of the Viking ships make them more dangerous?

6. The Vikings: (stop after 3:15 minutes) • Examples of Viking terror: • After Death of Charlemagne there was no one to protect the people from the Vikings.

7. Feudalism: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCPp7XWZfHo • Where did feudalism originate? • What is the basis of the system of feudalism?

8. Feudalism: A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

9. Feudalism, Cont… • Examples of Service: • Parts of a Manor: • Characteristics of Serfs:

10. Feudalism, Cont… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQ8A5gRe_Dw&feature=related • Characteristics of Knights/Training: • Purpose of Tournaments:

11. William the Conqueror & the Battle of Hastings • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQ8A5gRe_Dw&feature=related • Why was the Battle of Hastings significant?

12. Division of the Church: East vs. West • Milennium Series Clip of the Roman Catholic Church and the Byzantine Church in the 11th Century (7:43) • Why did pilgrimages to Jerusalem increase during the 11th Century? • Who holds the keys to the doors of the Church of the Holy Sepulture? Why?

13. Division of the Church: East vs. West, Cont… • Site of Head of the Eastern Church? • Site of Head of the Western Church? • What happened in 1054?

14. Division of the Church: East vs. West, Cont… • What version of Christendom spread into Western Europe?

15. Church & State Disagreements: • Thomas Becket's Excommunication of English Lord • Definition of Excommunication. • Why was excommunication usually an effective threat for a king? • How was the Church a powerful institution in the Middle Ages?

16. Cross Cultural Connections: The Crusades • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=weMhSSYoRi4&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL • Why did the Crusades begin? • How did Muslims in al-Andalus (Iberia/Spain) help return learning and culture to Europe? • Why were the Crusades significant?

17. Trade in Europe • Europe’s growing population needed goods that were not available to them. • As foreign invasions and feudal warfare declined, trade increased in a variety of areas.

18. Europe and the Little Ice Age • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoNHk_pJlRo • What were the effects of the Little Ice Age in Europe? • How did the Little Ice Age contribute to the decline of urban areas in this period? • What effect did the peasant rebellions have on government?

19. Europe & the Little Ice Age, Cont… • What other events throughout 600 – 1450 C.E. contributed to the fall of cities? Think! • What factors led to the revival of cities throughout the 600-1450 C.E. period? Think!

20. The Commercial Revolution • The revival of trade led to a revolution in commerce. • As trade revived, merchants needed money to buy goods. The reintroduction of money led European merchants to develop new business practices, such as: • Setting up banks. • Joining together to set up partnerships. • Developing insurance. • Adopting the bill of exchange.

21. Social Changes • The commercial revolution not only transformed the medieval economy, it also reshaped medieval society. • The use of money undermined serfdom. Most peasants became tenant farmers or hired farm laborers. • In towns, a new middle class of merchants, traders, and artisans emerged. • The Church forbade Christians from becoming moneylenders. Since Jews were barred from other professions, many took on this role.

22. Guilds • In medieval towns, merchants and artisans formed associations called guilds. • Merchant guilds appeared first. They dominated town life, passing laws, levying taxes, and making other important decisions. • A craft guild was made up of workers in a particular occupation. To prevent competition, only a certain number of people could work in any trade. • Becoming a guild member involved many years of hard work.

23. The Effect of the Plague • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL • Why did the Black Death spread? • What were the effects of the Black Death? • Bring Out Your Dead

24. Power Shifts to the People • Toward the end of the Middle Ages the power of the kings increased. As it did, the rights of the people were often violated. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQxpNHJLWV0 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTNe_uJ4cnU

25. Power to the People • Citizens took steps to ensure their rights as citizens of a nation. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_zks9fmDjc&feature=related • How was this fictional King John able to gain fighters/ supporters from the commoners?

26. Magna Carta, 1215 • King John I • “Great Charter” • Monarchs were not above the law. • Kings had to consult a council of advisors. • kings could not tax arbitrarily. • Forced to sign by nobility • Originally defends rights of the nobility

27. Power Shifts to the People • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRkmdpLgLiE&feature=related • How did the 100 Years War encourage the power of kings?

28. Power Shifts to the People • Braveheart FREEDOM Speech • To whom did William Wallace pledge his allegiance?

29. End of the Hundred Years War: Joan of Arc • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQydMhY9OpI&feature=related • Joan of Arc in the Battlefield • Joan of Arc condemned to die at the stake • How did Joan of Arc play a significant role in the Hundred Years War?

30. End of the Hundred Years War • Kings • Cannons • Questioning Authority of the Church • Ideas from around the World / Printing Press