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Unit 2 Practitioner’s Work

Unit 2 Practitioner’s Work. Johnson’s Conflict-Leadership Style Measure (Proverbs). What is your conflict style and is there a difference between our hypothetical groups?. First, take the measure to determine your leadership style. Access through eCollege Discuss/Post: Practitioner.

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Unit 2 Practitioner’s Work

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  1. Unit 2 Practitioner’s Work Johnson’s Conflict-Leadership Style Measure (Proverbs) Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  2. What is your conflict style and is there a difference between our hypothetical groups? • First, take the measure to determine your leadership style. Access through eCollege Discuss/Post: Practitioner. • Source: Johnson, David W. Reaching Out, Interpersonal Effectiveness and Self Actualization. 2nd ed. New York: Prentice Hall, 1981.   Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  3. Conflict Strategy • The higher the total score for each conflict strategy, the more frequently you tend to use that strategy.  • The lower the total score is for each conflict strategy, the less frequently you tend to use that strategy.  Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  4. Hypothetical Study • Imagine a study was conducted to determine the leadership styles of communication and leadership majors versus business majors. • Research question:  “Are there differences in the conflict-leadership styles of between communication and leadership majors and business majors?" Operational definition for our hypothetical study.  "Conflict-leadership style is the primary style of the individual as measured by theProverb Conflict-Leadership Style Inventory (Johnson, 1981).“ Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  5. An example experimental study. • We could give a pretest, a treatment--say taking a communication and leadership course--and a post-test. • We could measure changes caused by the treatment. Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  6. Chi-square • We would use a Chi-square because it is nominal data. • When using Chi-square, you'll typically want at least 20 people or items per cell for accurate results.  Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  7. Imagine the hypothetical results looked like this information.  Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  8. Enter the data and calculate. • CALCULATE in an online calculator, SPSS, EXCEL, or other program. • Enter the dataand calculate.  • Is there a difference between the two groups (Communication & Leadership Majors and Business Majors? Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  9. Enter the data. In this case, a free online Chi-square calculator was used. Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  10. When you enter the data and calculate, here is the result:  http://www.unc.edu/~preacher/chisq/chisq.htm Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  11. Chi-square table. • "The number of degrees of freedom associated with a contingency table consisting of r rows and c columns is (r-1) (c-1). . .  • In order to test the null hypothesis, we compare the test statistic with the critical value Chi-square at the probability level we want to use. Let us use .05.“ • http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/prc/section4/prc45.htm Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  12. Using the Table • Go to a Chi-Square table in any statistics textbook or online, and you can see whether or not there is a significant difference.  • In this case, when you check the table, the results are higher than needed for a .05 level of confidence or a .001 level of confidence.  Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  13. Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  14. If you look at the degrees of freedom at the left (select 4 for this example remember) and go across to .05 level, the Chi-square needs to be higher than 9.488.  • The data yield a Chi-square much higher than needed to suggest there is a significant difference between the two majors. Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  15. Interpretation • We can be confident that these results did not happen by chance.  • The results cannot "prove" anything, but "suggest" or "support."  • We interpret that in this hypothetical study, communication and leadership majors are more likely to use a collaboration style and business majors are more likely to use a competitive style.  Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  16. "The data suggest a difference between the conflict-leadership styles of communication and leadership majors and business majors." Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  17. Null hypothesis. • If the hypothesis is H0:  There is no significant difference between the conflict-leadership style of communication and leadership majors and business majors, we reject the null hypothesis.  • Explanation about null hypothesis: http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/hypothesis_testing.html Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  18. Hypothesis: • If our hypothesis is:  "There is a significant difference between the conflict-leadership style of communication and leadership majors and business majors,” then the data supports the hypothesis.  Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

  19. End You’re making progress up the hill! Unit 2 Practitioner's Work Chi-square

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