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Regulation and Function of Endocrine System

Learn how the endocrine system achieves regulation and maintains homeostasis through the coordination and control of life activities, with a focus on the functioning of glands and hormone regulation.

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Regulation and Function of Endocrine System

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  1. AIM: How does the Endocrine System achieve regulation? DO NOW: Define regulation. HW: Textbook pgs. Pgs621 -627 p. 621 vocab and Q’s 1-4

  2. WHAT IS REGULATION? • COORDINATION & CONTROL OF LIFE ACTIVITIES. • ACHIEVED BY BOTH: ENDOCRINE & NERVOUS SYSTEMS WORKING TOGETHER

  3. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM • CONSIST OF GLANDS • Glands work together to maintain a stable internal balance • Permits animals to repsond to both internal and external change.

  4. ENDOCRINE GLANDS Structures that secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream rather than through a duct (tube)

  5. Hormones • Are chemical messengers that carries a signal from one cell (or group of cells) to another via the blood • Hormones regulate the function of their target cells.

  6. A hormone receptor is a receptor protein on the surface of a cell or in its interior that binds to a specific hormone

  7. AIM: How do the glands of the Endocrine System maintain homeostasis? Textbook pgs. 621-625 vocab and Q’s 1-4 HW:

  8. DO NOW: A characteristic of hormones and enzymes that allows them to work effectively with other organic molecules is their • specific shape • small size • concentration of carbon and hydrogen atoms • high-energy bonds

  9. Which substances are found on cell surfaces and respond to nerve and hormone signals? • starches and simple sugars • subunits of DNA • vitamins and minerals • receptor molecules

  10. PROCESSES THAT ARE REGULATED BY HORMONAL ACTIVITY 1. OVERALL METABOLISM 2. MAINTENANCE OF HOMEOSTASIS 3. GROWTH 4. REPRODUCTION

  11. E N D O C R I N E G L A N D S

  12. HYPOTHALAMUS • is located just above the brain stem • Controls the pituitary gland • Connection between the nervous and endocrine system

  13. The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue and anger

  14. Pituitary GLAND • CALLED THE “MASTER GLAND” • Makes hormones that INFLUENCE other glands • The pituitary gland secretes hormones regulating homeostasis

  15. Hormones produced by the Pituitary Gland • Growth hormone • Prolactin - to stimulate milk production after giving birth • ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) - to stimulate the adrenal glands

  16. 4. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) - to stimulate the thyroid gland 5. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) - to stimulate the ovaries and testes 6. LH (luteinizing hormone) - to stimulate the ovaries or testes 7. Oxytocin –stimulates the contractions of the uterus during birth

  17. THYROID GLAND • Located between the larynx & the trachea • Controls your metabolism

  18. The thyroid controls how quickly the body burns energy (_________), makes proteins, and controls the bodies sensitivity to other hormones metabolism Hormones Produced: • Thyroxin: regulate metabolism • Calcitonin: regulates calcium levels

  19. PARATHYROIDGLANDS • produces • parathormone PATCHES OF TISSUE EMBEDDED IN THE THYROID GLAND • Regulates CALCIUM • & PHOSPHATE metabolism

  20. AIM: How do the glands of the Endocrine System maintain homeostasis? DAY 2 DO NOW: Complete matching column worksheet HW: Handout

  21. ADRENALGLANDS SIT ON TOP OF THE KIDNEYS Hormones Produced: Cortisol and Adrenaline They are chiefly responsible for regulating the stress response http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnESQpvxXd8

  22. Adrenaline • A.K.A. Epinephrine is a "fight or flight" hormone • plays a central role in the short-term stress reaction. * http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-qQbIiOtYM

  23. Noradrenaline A.K.A. Norepinephrine • Works with adrenaline (epinephrine) to increases blood pressure, heart rate, blood sugar levels and respiration in a high stress situation • Fact: both can act as a hormone and/or neurotransmitter…

  24. Pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions • Exocrine -> secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine • Endocrine -> secretes hormones into the bloodstream

  25. The pancreas contains cells called Islets of Langerhans

  26. Hormones Produced CONTROLS CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM a. Insulin • This secretion is controlled by the concentration of GLUCOSE in the blood • DECREASES blood sugar levels

  27. b. Glucagon • Increase blood sugar levels • Promotes the conversion of stored SUGAR (GLYCOGEN) TO GLUCOSE in the liver.

  28. Ovary/Ovaries • An ovary is an egg-producing organ found in female organisms. • found in pairs as part of the female reproductive system. • Ovaries in females are homologous to testes in males.

  29. Hormones Produced: Estrogen & Progesterone • Stimulates: • production of follicles (future egg cells) • onset of secondary sex characteristics (broaden hips & breasts) • Works with Estrogen to REGULATE the female menstrual Cycle

  30. TESTES • Located outside the body cavity in the scrotum • Functions – • Production of sperm cells • Production of male hormone >>>>> Testosterone • Stimulates the male reproductive system onset of secondary sex characteristics • Ex. Deeper Voice & Facial Hair

  31. AIM: How do hormones work? DO NOW: Handout Endocrine system handout (feed back mechanism) HW:

  32. Dynamic equilibrium or homeostasis results from the ability of organisms to detect and respond to stimuli. with the help of FEEDBACK MECHANISMS

  33. Feedback mechanism • A process where the level of one substance or activity of an organ/structure influences another substance or structure in some manner to maintain homeostasis.

  34. Temperature Homeostasis • Humans maintain a relatively constant body temperature of about 37° C. • when we "heat up" we sweat if possible • the evaporation of this perspiration returns the body to its original temperature • When we are too cold we shiver

  35. Homeostasis by Plants Maintenance of Water Guard cells open and close the stomata

  36. Positive vs. Negative Feedback http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLv3SkF_Eag

  37. Aim: How can the Endocrine System malfunction? Do Now: review book HW: Castle learning (Endocrine system)

  38. Hyposecretion When there is not enough of a particular hormone being secreted creating a deficiency Undersecretion

  39. Hypersecretion A release of an excessive amount of a particular hormone Oversecretion

  40. Acromegaly (ak–ro–MEG–ah–lee): Disorder in adults which the pituitary overproduces growth hormone, resulting in abnormal enlargement of the extremities—nose, jaw, fingers, and toes; in children, the disorder produces gigantism.

  41. Normal Women’s Hand Women’s hands with An Endocrine disorder Called agromegaly.

  42. Gigantism Disorder in children in which the pituitary overproduces growth hormone, resulting in abnormal enlargement of the extremities (nose, jaw, fingers, and toes) and the long bones, causing unusual height. Robert Wadlow 8’ 11”

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