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34.2 Glands of the Endocrine System

34.2 Glands of the Endocrine System. Glands of the endocrine system Endocrine system disorders Control of the endocrine system Feedback inhibition. Functions of the Major Glands. Pituitary Located: Base of the brain

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34.2 Glands of the Endocrine System

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  1. 34.2 Glands of the Endocrine System Glands of the endocrine system Endocrine system disorders Control of the endocrine system Feedback inhibition

  2. Functions of the Major Glands Pituitary • Located: Base of the brain • Function: The pituitary gland releases hormones that directly regulate bodily functions or control other glands • Hormones: GH Growth Hormone, stimulates protein synthesis and growth in cells

  3. Pituitary Gland

  4. Hypothalamus • Hypothalamus • Location: above the pituitary gland in the brain. • Function: To act as the link between the nervous and endocrine systems. Controls the secretions of the pituitary gland. • Hormone: Releasing Hormones, ADH, and Oxytocin.

  5. The Hypothalamus

  6. Hormones of the Hypothalamus

  7. Adrenal Gland • Adrenal Gland • Location: on top of each kidney • Function: Helps the body prepare for and deal with stress • Hormones: Aldosterone: regulates blood volume and pressure ( a corticosteroid) • Epinephrine, released when the body goes into “fight or flight”

  8. The Adrenal Gland

  9. The Pancreas • Location: Above the small intestine • Function: An exocrine gland and an endocrine gland. • Hormones: Insulin, which stimulates cells ( in the liver, muscles, and fat cells) to pull glucose out of the bloodstream and store it. • Glucagon, stimulates liver and muscles to release glucose into the bloodstream

  10. The Pancreas

  11. Thyroid and Parathyroid • Location: The Thyroid is at the base of the neck, the parathyroid is four small bodies on the side of the thyroid gland. • Function: These glands regulate the body’s metabolism • Hormones:Thyroxine, increases metabolism. Calcitonin, reduces calcium levels in the blood, parathyroid hormone is its opposite and increases calcium levels in the blood.

  12. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

  13. Reproductive Glands • Ovaries and Testes • Function: Produce gametes (eggs and sperm) and secrete sex hormones. • Hormones: Ovaries produce estrogen, while testes produce testosterone.

  14. Malfunction of the Pituitary Gland • If the pituitary gland releases too much growth hormone (GH) then the body can grow too quickly during childhood resulting in gigantism. • If the pituitary gland releases too little GH, which then results in a condition called dwarfism.

  15. Gigantism and Dwarfism

  16. Diabetes Mellitus • Diabetes comes in two types. • Type I diabetes occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the cells that make insulin in the pancreas (beta cells) so no insulin can be released. • Type II diabetes occurs later in life (40+) and occurs when either not enough insulin is produced or cells stop responding to insulin.

  17. Feedback Inhibition • The levels of hormones in the body are controlled by feedback inhibition. This is one way our bodies maintain homeostasis. • Feedback inhibition is when a stimulus is opposed by a response. There are several examples: water level, glucose, and calcium levels just to name a few.

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