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FIELD BOTANY – Lecture 02 Dr. Donald P. Althoff

LEC 02. Angiosperms Evolutionary Trends Classification Notes. FIELD BOTANY – Lecture 02 Dr. Donald P. Althoff. Woody plants usually _________ the herbs, vines, and climbers ______________ gave rise to biennials…and annuals have derived from both perennials & biennials

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FIELD BOTANY – Lecture 02 Dr. Donald P. Althoff

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  1. LEC 02 Angiosperms Evolutionary Trends Classification Notes FIELD BOTANY – Lecture 02 Dr. Donald P. Althoff

  2. Woody plants usually _________ the herbs, vines, and climbers ______________ gave rise to biennials…and annuals have derived from both perennials & biennials Dicots are considered ______primitive than monocots Evolutionary Trends in Angiosperms (in general)

  3. DICOTS gymnosperms Flowers Seed-bearing

  4. Alternate leaves with secretory cells are ____________ compared to opposite or whorled leaves without secretory cells. Many separate stamens are more _________ than few or united stamens Single fruits _________ aggregate fruits formed from several ovaries OVERALL: _________ are not necessarily primitive, but have become _______ as a result of reduction from complex parts. Evolutionary Trends in Angiosperms (in general)…con’t

  5. _______ Fruits __________ Fruits

  6. _______ Stamens _____ Stamens Fuschia St. Johnswort

  7. Dicotyledons (dicots): _______________ Monocotyledons (monocots) __________ Within the Division of Magnoliophyta ( = Anthophyta) Two Classes*

  8. ______ diverse About _____ of species are ________ Cotyledons: __ (rarely 1, 3, or 4) Leaves: usually __________ Primary vascular bundle: ________ Floral parts (except carpels)sets of _________ Root system: __________________ _______…in general (vs. monocots)

  9. 1 vs. 2 cotyledons Abundance of ______________ roots

  10. _____ diverse Less than ____ of species are _______ Cotyledons: ___ Leaves: usually _________-veined Primary vascular bundle: ________ or in 2 or more ______ Floral parts (except carpels) sets of _________ Root system: adventitious (characteristic of ferns, too) Probably evolved from ___________ of dicots early in the evolutionary history of angiosperms _________…in general (vs. dicots)

  11. Some… Woody(tree/shrub/vine)Families • Aceraceae • Anacardiaceae • Annonaceae • Betulaceae • Caprifoliaceae • Cornaceae • Ericaceae • Fagaceae • Grossulariaceae • Hippocastanaceae • Juglandaceae • Magnoliaceae • Moraceae • Oleaceae • Salicaceae • Smilacaceae • Ulmaceae

  12. Some… Forb/Herb Families • Guttiferae (Clusiaceae) • Lamiaceae • Liliaceae • Lythraceae • Malvaceae • Nymphaeaceae • Orchidaceae • Oxalidaceae • Phytolaccaceae • Polygonaceae • Portulacaceae • Ranunculaceae • Scrophulariaceae • Alismataceae • Apiaceae • Apocynaceae • Araceae • Asclepiadaceae • Asteraceae • Balsaminaceae • Brassicaceae • Campanulaceae • Caryophyllaceae • Convolvulaceae • Fabaceae*** • Geraniaceae

  13. DICOT DICOT “Combo” Families: woody & herb • Fabaceae [alternate name:Leguminosae] “legumes family” alfalfa birdfoottreefoil partridge pea round-headed lespedeza s. partridge pea slimflowerscurfpea white clover yellow sweet clover wild blue indigo black locust* • Rosaceae • “rose family” rough avens* white avens* Am. plum black cherry black chokeberry black raspberry blackberry prairie rose multi-flora rose sweet (American) crap apple

  14. Plantae Kingdom Division Class Subclass Order Family Genus Magnoliophyta(Anthrophyta) 1 Magnoliopsida-dicots 2 Liliopsida-moncots -6 -5 1 2

  15. Dicotyledons(Division Magnoliophyta, Class Magnoliopsida) 1 Characteristics Subclasses (6) • Advancement • Carpels • Flowers • Stamens • Pollen • Magnoliidae(8o.39f.11,000s) • Hamamelidae(11o.24f.3,400s) • Caryophyllidae(3o.14f.11,000s) • Dilleniidae(13o.78f.25,000s) • Rosidae(18o.114f.58,000s) • Asteridae(11o.49f.56,000s) Cronquist system 1981

  16. Monocotyledons (Division Magnoliophyta, Class Magnoliopsida) 2 Characteristics Subclasses (5) • Alismatidae(4o.16f,500s) • Arecidae(4o.5f.5,600s) • Commelinidae(6o.16f,16,200s) • Zingiberidae(2o.9f.3,800s) • Liliidae(2o.19f,25,000s) • Advancement • Carpels • Flowers • Stomatal Subsidiary Cells

  17. Characteristics helpful in “subclass” classification • ________________: 1 or more features vs. relatively primitive • Carpels: apocarpous vs. syncarpous • Flowers: primitive to well developed • Pollen: monosulcate vs. tricolpate (for dicots) • Stomatal subsidiary cells: 04 (for monocots)

  18. APOCARPOUS Carpels_________ in single individual pistils SYNCARPOUS _______ Carpels resulting in compound ovary • CARPELS = megasporophyll

  19. _________________ globosesymmetrical, usually ___germinal apertures ___________________ boat-shaped, 1 long germinal furrow, ___germinal aperture • POLLEN oak grass Lilium onion Artemisia

  20. STOMATAL SUBSIDIARY CELLS: 04 (for monocots)

  21. Summary thoughts on classification…for now • ______ characteristics to examine • Some characteristics are very “definitive”…others require some “_______________” (ex. primitive vs. slightlyadvanced) • _______________into a subclass, order, family, and even genus is subject to revision

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