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Wave Energy

Wave Energy. Curt Anderson ChE 359/384 Fall 2008. Oceans of Energy. Oceans cover 70% of earth’s surface + 30% of population lives within 60 miles of coast + 1970s oil crisis = Ocean Energy Conversion 3 Forms: Tidal (High=2.7 TW-18% Low=360 GW-2.5%)

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Wave Energy

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  1. Wave Energy Curt Anderson ChE 359/384 Fall 2008

  2. Oceans of Energy Oceans cover 70% of earth’s surface + 30% of population lives within 60 miles of coast + 1970s oil crisis = Ocean Energy Conversion 3 Forms: • Tidal (High=2.7 TW-18% Low=360 GW-2.5%) • OTEC (Theoretical = 200 TW = 13x global demand) • Wave (Equivalent to tidal = 18%)

  3. Why Waves? • Converted solar to wind over long distances • Anticipated days in advance=predictable • Round the clock energy • Higher capacities and power densities • Easier to estimate resource for investors • Environmentally benign • No land footprint • Low profile, far from shore • Minimizes ‘NIMBY’ issues • Potential to equal hydroelectric capacity

  4. Conversion Devices Turbine Type OWC Overtopping

  5. Conversion Devices Buoy Type Point Absorber Actuated

  6. Current Projects Agucadoura, Portugal Sep. 2008, 2.25 MW, $17 mil. LIMPET, Isle of Islay – Scotland Nov. 2000, 500 kW capacity http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/video/2008/sep/24/wave.power.station First commercial device connected to national grid Phase 2: Spring 2009, 25 more converters, 21 MW total output, 15000 homes powered

  7. Challenges • High capital costs and uncertainty • High O&M costs • Storm vulnerability = costly designs • Best tech. in UK producing at $0.08/kWh • Load variation and decreased efficiency • Power Storage

  8. Potential Solutions • Economically feasible in US waters with volumes of 10-20,000 MW (half of wind turbines) • 4-5 cents/kWh • Future carbon cap-and-trade system • Co-location with offshore wind • Shared conditioning and transmission facilities • Shared O&M infrastructure and personnel • Protective breakwaters • The Seadog

  9. Conclusion Like my friend’s father told me, “There just might be something to this wave thing…” Questions???

  10. References • 1 “Wave Energy Conversion.” The University of Michigan, Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, 1998. <http://www.engin.umich.edu/dept/name/research/projects/wave_device/wave_device.html> • 2 Electric Power Research Institute. "Wave Energy Potential Warrants Further Research And Development, Says EPRI." ScienceDaily 16 February 2005. <http://www.sciencedaily.com­ /releases/2005/02/050215091103.htm>. • 3 Korde, Dr. Umesh. “Report on Ocean Wave Energy Conversion Projects.” National Science Foundation, Report #98-08, 09 April 1998. <http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1998/int9815/ssr9809.doc> • 4 J. Vining. “Ocean Wave Energy Conversion.” The University of Wisconsin Madison. December 2005. • 5 Beyene, Dr. Asfaw and Wilson, Dr. James H. “Challenges and Issues of Wave Energy Conversion.” Oregon Wave Energy Trust, May 2008. <http://www.oregonwave.org/index.php/environmental-benefits/11-challenges-and-issues-of-wave-energy-conversion.html> • 6 Pelamis Press Release, “World’s First Commercial Wave Power Project Goes Live.” 23 September 2008. <http://www.pelamiswave.com/media/worlds_first_wave_farm_goes_live_press_release_copy1.pdf> • 7 Greenemeier, Larry. “Turning the Tide on Harnessing the Ocean's Abundant Energy.” Scientific American 20 October 2008. < http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=ocean-wave-tidal-power> • 8 Martin, Glen. “Wave Power Plan Gets a Test in Trinidad California.” San Francisco Chronicle 04 August 2004. < http://www.mindfully.org/Energy/2004/Wave-Power-Trinidad4aug04.htm> • 9 Ocean Energy Council, “Wave Energy.” 2008. < http://www.oceanenergycouncil.com/index.php/Wave-Energy/Wave-Energy.html> • 10 Lanto, Everett, “The Future of Wave Power.” About My Planet, 05 February 2008 < http://www.aboutmyplanet.com/alternative-energy/future-power/> • 11 Maury, Laurel, “The Limpet, the Sea Snake, and the Duck.” Plenty Iss. 12. <http://www.plentymag.com/magazine/tech_the_limpet_the_sea_snake.php> • 12 Tester, J.W. et al. Sustainable Energy – Choosing Among the Options. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 2005. • 13 Smil, Vaclav. Energy at the Crossroads – Golbal Perspectives and Uncertainties. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 2003.

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