Nov. 20-26

1. Nov. 20-26 • Warm-up: Define  • Agree/Disagree • Quiz over Reformation • Notes over Age of Exploration • Activity over explorers • Video on Age of Exploration • colony • conquistador • mercantilism • balance of trade

2. Agree/Disagree • Gold, God and Glory helped spark the Age of Exploration. • The English and the French were the first leaders of the Age of Exploration. • Vasco Da Gama was the first person to sail around the world. • The colonies were the ones that profited from mercantilism.

3. European Explorations, Conquests and Connections

4. Causes: Want of Increased Trade • Spanish complete Reconquista • Creates nationalism • Spain and Portugal located on peninsula • Edge of Europe. Easy access to Atlantic Ocean • Believed Asia to west

5. Desire for Asian trade • Wanted to spices, other goods from Spice Islands, China, India, and Africa • Ottomans blocked way over land. Looked to go around Africa

6. Gold, God, and Glory • Desire for gold • Desire new source of gold and silver • Desire to spread Catholicism • Reconquista led to want to Christianize peoples of the Americas • Glory • Explorers, soldiers, and monarchs want glory for themselves and nation through profitable conquest of New World

7. New sailing technologies – allowed European explorers to go further • Compass • Astrolabe • Cannons • Caravel

8. The Beginning • Starts in 1200’s • Marco Polo returns from China • Has stories of valuable goods from Kublai Khan’s court • Growing demand for such goods with high prices • Led to search for routes to Asia, avoiding hostile Islamic states • Led by Spanish and Portuguese

9. Explorers • Christopher Columbus • Italian explorer • Sponsored by Spanish monarchs Ferdinand & Isabella • Reached Americas in 1492 • Opened way for further European exploration and eventual colonization of the Americas

10. Vasco Da Gama • Portuguese explorer • First European to reach Asia via all-water route • Took him past southern tip of Africa into Indian Ocean • Reached India in 1498 • Ferdinand Magellan • First explorer to circumnavigate globe

11. Europeans established colonies • Spanish and Portuguese dominated Latin America • Later, French and English explorers and settlers explored and colonized eastern portions of North America

12. Europeans eventually conquered and colonized virtually all of Americas and established direct trade contacts with Asia • New lands, resources, and trade opportunities expanded the power and wealth of many European nations altered balance of power between Europe and Asia

13. Mercantilism • Establishing colonies to gain wealth by controlling colonial trade. • Take raw materialsfrom colonies back to mother country • Make finished goods • Sell it back to colonies for big profitfor mother country

14. Agree/Disagree • Gold, God and Glory helped spark the Age of Exploration. • The English and the French were the first leaders of the Age of Exploration. • Vasco Da Gama was the first person to sail around the world. • The colonies were the ones that profited from mercantilism.

15. Activity Instructions • Pick an information sheet with an explorer you need • Write down the date of the voyage (NOT the years he lived) • Write in the country of origin for the exploration • Give a brief description of the voyage • Use a different colored map pencil on the map of the world to show the voyage of each of the explorers • Make a key at the bottom showing which color map pencil belongs with which explorer

16. Nov. 27-30 • Warm-up: Define  • Agree/Disagree • Quiz over Age of Exploration • Reading about the slave trade • Test Review • Video on Age of Exploration • plantation • triangular trade • Middle Passage • mainland states

17. Agree/Disagree • Europeans brought potatoes to the New World. • Columbian Exchange was the first true example of a global economy. • Encomienda system helped out the Indians. • The African influence is strong in the Caribbean, an example of cultural diffusion.

18. Columbian Exchange

19. Columbian Exchange • Exchange of goods, ideas, plants, animals, disease, languages, etc. between “Old World” and “New World” after Columbus’ voyages. • Things brought over from Old World to New World • African slaves • European settlers • Horses • Domesticated farminganimals • Wheat and other crops.

20. New World to Old World • Things brought back from New World to Old World • Potato • Corn • Peanut • Tobacco and other crops • These crops result in population increases in Europe and Asia

21. Other Impacts • Old World introduced new diseases (small pox & measles) • Reduced populations • Unable to defend against European conquest. • Columbian Exchange resulted in 1st truly global economy • New products were brought to Europe which led to economic growth

22. Triangular Trade • Trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. • Ex.: • First leg: Rum from Europe traded for slaves in Africa • Second leg: Slaves brought to Caribbean to cultivate sugar • Third leg: Rum transported to Europe for sale

23. Impact on Americas • Native states destroyed, replaced by Spanish Colonial governments (Aztec –Cortes; Inca-Pizarro) • Superior technology • Alliances formed with native groups. • Disease was best weapon

24. Encomiendasystem • Indians forced to farm lands and work mines • With no immunity to disease, population drastically reduced • Created need for new labor (African slave trade)

25. Indians assimilated into Spanish culture • Led to class structure • 1. European-born Spaniards • 2. Spaniards born in New Spain • 3. Mestizos & mulattoes • 4. Native Americans/Africans

26. Spread of Catholicism • Used missions (churches built among natives to encourage conversion). • Treaty of Tordesillas • Pope divided Western Hemisphere between Spain and Portugal • Showed influence of Catholic Church

27. Impact on Africa • Europeans replaced Indian laborers with African slaves • Used existing slave trading networks in Africa • Reoriented trade to Atlantic coastline

28. Over 15 million men, women and children transported to Americas from Africa over 300-year period • Believed over one million slaves died on Middle Passage (brutal crossing of Atlantic aboard slave ships) • Caused economic disaster for Africa

29. Destruction of West African states (Benin) • Slave trade • Robbed West Africa of youngest, most productive workers • Introduction of guns on wide scale led to increasing warfare between African states

30. Cultural Diffusion – African cultural influence strong in Caribbean • Two-thirds of slaves transported sold in the Americas was especially strong in the Caribbean and Brazil (over two-thirds of transported African slaves sold in Spanish colonies) • Native cultures largely replaced by African influences

31. Agree/Disagree • Europeans brought potatoes to the New World. • Columbian Exchange was the first true example of a global economy. • Encomienda system helped out the Indians. • The African influence is strong in the Caribbean, an example of cultural diffusion.