SPEEDUP Workshop: Programmable Networks

1. SPEEDUP Workshop: Programmable Networks Richard Gold Dr. Georg Carle gold@fokus.gmd.de http://www.fokus.gmd.de/usr/richard.gold/ http://www.fokus.gmd.de/glone/ GMD FOKUS - Competence Center GloNe and Technical University Berlin

2. Overview • Past • BANG Project: collaboration with Hitachi Japan • Programmable Router (GR2000) • Mobile Agent Platform • Present • Policy-based Routing • Making intelligent routing decisions • Future • Overlay Networks • Self-deploying Networks

3. FOKUS/Hitachi Key Technolgies • Advanced Active Network Platform • Intelligent Mobile Agent Platform • Enhanced ORB Platform with Resource Control Framework (RCF) • Enhanced Network Support: Active QoS Control Modules (DiffServ, Meter access, Multicast Mediation) • Applications • Video streaming (partial ‘hard’ reservation plus filtering) • VPN (policy, QoS, metering) • Multimedia Conferencing (QoS, multicast) • VoIP: association of call-setup signaling, QoS [DiffServ, adaptivity], multicast, metering • End-to-End QoS using IntServ and DiffServ • Active Firewalling

4. Active Node Architecture Open Distributed Applications’ Components - IMAs IP Router Forwarding function (point-to-point, multicast), bandwidth, delay, jitter, info. loss + ANSP Services APIs Distributed Processing Active Environment (DPE) EE EE Execution Environment Router (PC) Active Node Facilities (Resource Abstraction Provisioning, Partitioning, Configuration, Management, Security etc.) -ANSP Active Node Software Platform API s Enhanced ORB (Real-time & Multicast) Intelligent Mobile Agent Platform Services Lightweight Basis ORB - Compact ORB MIB Wrapper SNMP Programmmable Router API WP 1.1 Router Interface Extension GR 2000 Router router control via MIB (ex. Qos-) Router Ctrl Interface within router Hardware Packet Forwarder Native Computing Environment Switching / Multiplexing Transmission (Network Interface - NIF)

5. Active Node Architecture P1520Interfaces Active Applications V Execution Environment Installation U … Component => Needed Modules for IP QoS support QoS QoS AN platform Host Manager GR2k Java-Interface Mob. Agent Exten. for AN L - EnhancedORB Mobile Agent Platf. GR2k C-Interface GR2k • GR 2000 • QoS Configuration • Filter Configuration CCM

6. MA Active Node Architecture • AN Platform • active host software • code download • runs the host manager • Components • small programs managing the GR2000 • installed by mobile agents • Host Manager • manages the installation, execution and de-installation of components • Execution Environments • Sandbox for components

7. EnhancedORB Mobile Agent Platf. Active Node Architecture Extended Active Networking Platform: Needed Modules for Active IP QoS Control V Applications U Active Programs RSVPd(legacy) L + DiffServ AN platform L - Netlink Sockets (Linux QoS) Mob. Agent Exten. for AN GR2k C-Interface Kernel CCM GR2k NIC

8. Programmability • Active code programs using standardized interfaces (additionally to direct access to the router via the GR2k Java/C interfaces) • Interface modules: • Multicast: Membership management (IETF IDMR WG) Mediation (IETF MALLOC WG) • QoS: RSVP (RSVP-API, Traffic Control Interface), DiffServ functionality (Traffic Control Interface, Bandwidth Brokers) • Metering: Access to IP Meter for active applications

9. BANG Key Features • Value-Added IP Active Network Nodes (Active Router, Active Communication Server) • Value-Added IP Service Creation: high-level services (IP Telephony, VPN) require association of several basic IP services • Three level architecture (active [U], programmable [L+], fixed part [L-]) reflects performance vs. flexibility tradeoff • Code distribution: Mobile Agent and DPE platforms • Distinction between node-local and network-wide functionality => Extended network view for active application development and deployment • Transition to a programmable/active network:partial AN deployment with full end-to-end QoS support • Architecture supports legacy software architectures: RSVP implementations, DiffServ on Linux implementation

10. Service Creation Examples • Video on Demand (partial ‘hard’ reservation plus filtering) • VPN (policy, QoS [reservation], metering) • Multimedia Conferencing (QoS [reservation], multicast) • VoIP / IP Telephony: association of call-setup signaling, QoS [DiffServ, adaptivity], multicast, metering • End-to-End QoS using IntServ and DiffServ • Active Firewalling: Fast reactions against attacks

11. Active Applications: Service Creation • Creation of high-level services (Telephony) require association of several basic IP services • Significant performance gains can be achieved when basic IP services are employed in a coordinated way

12. Active Internet Lab TIP Lab Private IP Network tokyo kyoto 100 Mbit/s 155 Mbit/s Controller Controller GR2000 GR2000 GR2000 kobe yokohama sapporo Controller osaka Router PC Master PC Client PC 100 Mbit/s GMD FOKUS Infrastructure Network Router to Internet Encoder PC Pump PC Layer PC Twisted pair Fiber/POS VGA switch / Monitor Beamer VGA FOKUS/Hitachi Testbed at GMD Fokus“Active Internet Lab” hermes

13. Present: Policy-based Routing • Detour Routing + Peterson’s work on end-to-end media streams • Use Active Nets to deploy intelligence onto edge devices • Make decisions based on metrics/policies concerning how to route a flow through the network • Multiple metrics/policies allow for increased intelligence in the routing decisions that we can take • Programmable Networks provide substrate for introducing informed routing decisions into the network

14. Present: Policy-based Routing • Current Node Architecture • ANTS • Active Network Execution Environment • Openet • Programmable Router interface • ABONE • Provides virtual topology and packet demultiplexing • Linux v2.4 Kernel & GR2000 • Provide flexible routing infrastructure

15. SRC DST LR1 PR1 PR2 Application scenario • Re-routing of non-time sensitive application flows Active Code Routing Table Alterations Redirection Media Flow

16. SRC DST LR1 PR1 PR2 Application Scenario • Re-routing of non-time sensitive application flows Media Flow Other Traffic

17. Future: Overlay Networks • Decentralized systems like Peer-to-Peer applications (Gnutella, FreeNet etc.) have scalability problems • Lack of fixed infrastructure means that infrastructure must be created by the nodes of the overlay network • Provide BGP-like hierarchies and route aggregation for Ad-Hoc Overlay Networks • System also self-organizing: does not require static AS definitions, groups are dynamically created at runtime depending on metrics (delay, hops etc.) • Scales up and down according to number of nodes in the system • Related work: SOAR at UCL, Rendezvous at Washington Uni

18. Future: Overlay Networks • Proposal: Programmable Networks allow us to make intelligent routing decisions • Problem with tunnelled overlay networks is sub-optimal routing due to routing decision being based on the encapsulating packet header • With Programmable Networks we can make routing decisions based upon the tunnelled packet header • Application-awareness in the network is thus easy to deploy as it just consists of injecting new code onto selective active devices in the network

19. Conclusions • Programmable Networks consist of intelligent IP router and co-located Active Network platform • Combines the flexibility of Active Networks with the high-performance of a hardware-based router • Past application: Active Loss Concealment (IWAN2000 paper) • Currently we are building a policy-based routing system based upon Programmable Networks • One future direction is the usage of Programmable Networks to steer Overlay Networks (OpenArch’01 paper)