green

2. GREEN MATERIAL AND ITS APPLICATIONS

3. INDEX • Introduction • Application of green material in various industry • Green material in automotive industry • Various model of vehicles by using green technology • Green building materials • conclusion

4. INTRODUCTION The center for Green Manufacturing at the University of Alabama defines the goal of green technology as: “To prevent pollution and save energy through the discovery and development of new knowledge that reduces and/or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and application of chemical products or processes.”

5. Areas of applications of green material: • Lean manufacturing • attention paid to waste generated along the way • energy reduction in streamlined logistics • – Materials reuse, recycling • – Green plastics (biodegradable) • – Product design • use of recycled materials • design for service, disassembly and recycling • – Green chemistry • avoidance of toxics • harmless solvents • solvent less technologies • – Semiconductor, electronics • more benign manufacturing processes • – Automobile design and manufacture • Green material in construction

6. Green material in automotive industry Transportation is key to greening global industries. The two most energy-consuming activities in the United States are building heating/cooling/ventilation and road transportation. Transportation consumes much of the earth’s resources. Until recently, the automobile industry was the largest economic activity after agriculture. In dollar terms, it has now been passed by the electronics industry but remains largest in terms of materials consumption. A fundamental change in vehicle design, manufacture & use is required.

7. Specifications • Cars must have better mileage and better safety measures • Use of high-tech steel and modern manufacturing techniques • Decision not to replace steel with alternate materials • Reduce CO2 emissions and increase fuel efficiency • Increased structural performance (bending and torsional rigidity) • Affordability • Source reductions (reduced emissions through manufacturing • less steel) • 100% recyclability

12. The car-makers said they will expand investment into R&D and facilities to establish a mass production system for green cars in 2013. • W2.2 trillion ($ 1.76 billion US) to develop eco-friendly cars including hybrid and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles and • W1.4 trillion to develop fuel-efficient engines, transmissions, and light materials.

13. HYUNDAI HYBRID SONATA • A powerful internal hybrid engine : efficient traction motor to guarantee more power and better fuel economy. • The SONATA's powertrain consists of a 115bhp 1.6 litre LPG engine • SONATA’s has three characteristics 1. Two pillars An efficient traction motor for smooth and eco-friendly driving. That’s a power couple. 2. A battery that takes care of itself No need to worry about recharging. 3 Lithium polymer battery Having been around for about a decade, Sonata Hybrid’s Lithium polymer battery has been proven that’s safe. It is light and long-lasting.

14. Components Motor Controller Charger DC/DCConverter Contactors Batteries Fig 1. Electric Vehicle component

15. Controller   Control the BLDCmotor. Increase efficiency, reliability and extended battery lifetime. Fig 2 . Electric BLDC Motor Controller

16. Motor     Generally the Brushless DC Motor is used. Simpler to maintain, More durable, Smaller. 85%–90% moreefficient. Able toself-start. Fig 3 . Brushless DC Motor

17. Batteries for theEV The batteries that are used for electric rechargeable. cars are Fig 4 . Lithium ion battery

18. Concept The `Green Building' concept is gaining importance in various countries, including India. These are buildings that ensure that waste is minimized at every stage during the construction and operation of the building, resulting in low costs, according to experts in thetechnology.

19. Continue… The techniques associated with the `Green Building' include measures to prevent erosion of soil, rainwater harvesting, use of solar energy, preparation of landscapes to reduce heat, reduction in usage of water, recycling of waste water and use of world class energy efficient practices. A similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the use of natural materialsthat are available locally.

20. Source ofMaterial • Renewable sources:Forests • Reuse from waste: old plumbing ,doors etc.. 1/15/2014

21. Woolbrick • Obtained by adding wool and a natural polymer found in seaweed to the clay of the brick, • 37% More strengththan burntbricks • Resistant for cold andwet climate 1/15/2014

22. SustainableConcrete • Crushedglass • Wood chips or slag - a byproduct of steel manufacturing. • Reduces the emissionof CO2 1/15/2014

23. SolarTiles • Exist to simply protect abuilding • They spend a large portion of the day absorbing energy from thesun. 1/15/2014

24. Triple-GlazedWindows • Super-efficient windows • Stops heat to enter the building & fromdirect sunlight 1/15/2014

25. CONCLUSION The application of green composites in automobile body panels seems to feasible as far as green composites have comparable mechanical performance with the synthetic ones. The program is underpinned by theory that reduced process waste directly relates to levels of sustainability as well as to the business case of a development

26. References • Abdullah, L., Jumadi, N., Sabu, R., Arshad, H., & MohdFawzy, F. F. (2015). Assessment criteria on sustainable rating tools used in Asian countries. JurnalTechnology • Akadiri, P. O., & Olomolaiye, P. O. (2012). Development of sustainable assessment criteria for building materials selection. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 19(6), 666-687. • Mohanty AK, Misra M, Drzal TL, Selke SE, Harte BR, Hinrichsen G. Natural • fibers, biopolymers, and biocomposites: an introduction. In: Mohanty AK, • Misra M, Drzal TL, editors. Natural fibers, biopolymers, and biocom • posites. Boca Raton: Crc Press-Taylor & Francis Group; 2005. p. 1–36.