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Fiber Architecture(Struktur serat) Fusiform (parallel)

Fiber Architecture(Struktur serat) Fusiform (parallel). Serat otot bergerak secara longitudinal Umumnya serat otot tidak merentang sepanjang otot. (generally fibers do not extend the entire length of muscle). Fiber Architecture Pennate.

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Fiber Architecture(Struktur serat) Fusiform (parallel)

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  1. Fiber Architecture(Struktur serat) Fusiform (parallel) • Serat otot bergerak secara longitudinal • Umumnya serat otot tidak merentang sepanjang otot. (generally fibers do not extend the entire length of muscle)

  2. Fiber Architecture Pennate Serat bergerak diagonal terhadap urat daging (fibers run diagonal to the tendon (short fibers))

  3. Fusiform vs. Pennate • fusiform • Keuntungan: sarcomeres berada dalam rangkian jadi kecepatan maksimal dan dan ROM meningkat. • Kerugian: termasuk rendah # dari parallel sarcomeres jadi tenaga rendah • pennate • Keuntungan : meningkatkan # dari sarcomeres ke parallel, sehingga PCSA dan tenaga meningkat • Kerugian : mengurangi ROM and penurunan kecepatan

  4. Pennation Angles Catatan : sudut pennation mungkin meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan tegangan otot. (These pennation angles may increase as the muscle tension increases.) From: Multiple Muscle Systems, Winters and Woo

  5. Type I Type IIa Type IIb Shortening slow fast fast Speed Energy System oxidative oxidative, glycolytic glycolytic Size small large large Force per unit of mass low high high Aerobic high medium low Capacity Anaerobic low medium high Capacity Fatigability) low medium high Fiber Type Comparison Perhatikan bahwa serat tipe Iadalah yang terkecil, karena mengacu pada prinsip ukuran, mereka diterima pertama kali.(Note that type I fibers are smallest therefore, according to the size principle, they are recruited first).

  6. Fiber Types (Jenis Serat) • Semua serat dalam sebuah unit motor adalah jenis yang sama.(all fibers within a motor unit are of the same type) • Dalam sebuah otot ada dari gabungan jenis serat. (within a muscle there is a mixture of fiber types) • Jenis serat mungkin berubah dengan latihan. • Penerimaan yang diatur (recruitment is ordered) • type I serat diterima pertama (awal terkecil, sentakan neuron rendah) fibers recruited 1st (lowest threshold, slow twitch neurons) • type IIa serat diterima kedua (awal medium, sentakan perlawanan neuron lelah cepat)  fibers recruited second (medium threshold, fast twitch fatigue resistant neurons) • type IIb serat diterima terakhir (awal tertinggi, sentakan neuron lelah cepat )  fibers recruited last (highest threshold, fast twitch fatigable neurons)

  7. Fiber Type Distribution (Distribusi Jenis Serat) From: Multiple Muscle Systems, Winters and Woo

  8. MU1 (type IIb) MU2 (type IIa) Twitch Force MU3 (type I) Time (short duration) MU1 MU2 Tetanic Force MU3 Time (long duration) Force and Fatigue (Tenaga dan Kelelahan)

  9. Force – Velocity Relationship(Hubungan tenaga-tegangan) Catatan: Diperuntukkan bagi kontraksi maksimum pada jarak relaksasi otot.(This is for a maximal contraction at the resting length of the muscle). v < 0 (eccentric) v > 0 (concentric) force velocity of contraction (kecepatan kontraksi) v=0 (isometric)

  10. Hubungan Kekuatan-Kecepatan(Power – Velocity Relationship) F Power (F*v) v 30% vmax

  11. large PCSA long fibers Force (N) Force (N) small PCSA short fibers Muscle Velocity (cm/s) Muscle Velocity (cm/s) Struktur dan Kekuatan/Kecepatan (Architecture and Force/Velocity)

  12. L0 Active Length-Tension L0= jarak relaksasi(tidak berkontraksi maupun merentang) resting length (neither contracted nor stretched) Tension Length

  13. Panjang-Tegangan (Length-Tension) Catatan: Diperuntukkan bagi kontraksi isometerik maksimum. physiological range combined Tension active passive Length L0

  14. large PCSA long fibers Force (N) Force (N) short fibers small PCSA Muscle Length (cm) Muscle Length (cm) Struktur dan Panjang/Tegangan (Architecture and Length/Tension)

  15. Jumlah sendi yang dilewati. (Number of Joints Crossed) uniarticularor monoarticular – otot melintasi tulang sendi, jadi mempengaruhi gerakan hanya pada 1 tulang sendi.(the muscle crosses 1 joint, so it affects motion at only 1 joint) biarticular and multiarticular (multijoint)– otot melintasi 2 atau lebih sendi, menghasilkan gerakan melintasi banyak sendi.(the muscle crosses 2 (bi) or more (multi) joints, so it can produce motion across multiple joints)

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