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Wheat Breeding in North western Ethiopia. “Wheat Science to text books” workshop CIMMYT, Texcoco, Mexico December 5-11, 2010 Bahir Dar University : http://www.bdu.edu.et/. A. Wheat in Ethiopia (2009 ). Cereals are 1 st in area and volume of production
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Wheat Breeding in North western Ethiopia “Wheat Science to text books” workshop CIMMYT, Texcoco, Mexico December 5-11, 2010 Bahir Dar University:http://www.bdu.edu.et/
A. Wheat in Ethiopia (2009) • Cereals are 1st in area and volume of production • Area: 80.3% ~ 9.23 million hectares
A. Wheat in Ethiopia (cont’d) • Total area of production, yield ha-1 and total grain yield of the major cereal crops in Ethiopia (2009)
IMPORTANT CONSTRAINTS OF WHEAT PRODUCTION • Many technical and socio-economic constraints • Problems depend on agro-ecology, demands of the wheat producers and consumers A) Unavailability of improved cultivars for different agro-ecologies B) Slow extension of available improved cultivars • Ineffectiveness of formal and informal seed sector/sources
IMPORTANT CONSTRAINTS OF WHEAT PRODUCTION (cont’d) C) Disease pressure Head scab Septoria Yellow rust stem rust
IMPORTANT CONSTRAINTS OF WHEAT PRODUCTION (cont’d) D) Quality E) High input prices (major concern of wheat growers) F) water-logging (~12 million ha) G) Characterization and grouping of L and G for maximum exploitation of the wheat environments Yield gap (5-6 tons)
Approaches of breeding: • Conventional and participatory • (Molecular ??) Multi-location variety trials : • Many agro-ecological zones ( eg. 10 representing testing sites in NWE) • Plus more than 20 on-farm sites (FREGs) for participatory VT and agronomic trials
Variety testing (on-farm) • 20 varieties • 1st year Pre-verification 3-5 vars 2ndyear Verification for release 3 cultivars 3rd year • Seed prodn • 1-3 vars • 4th year • Participatory variety selections –PVS (Farmers, extension agents and other research disciplines) FREGs
Criteria established by FREGs evaluation of bread wheat genotypes in two zones:
On-farm G x N x L Quality trial On-farm durum and bread wheat
Filial pop. Crossing • Bread and durum wheat crosses using elite parents (exotic and local) AC Morse; Navigator; SST825;Kariega; Cracker Spreader rows
Quality testing • NIR (protein, starch, ash) • Alveograph • Glutomatic • Milling lab
SEED PRODUCTION Small-scale seed production in FREGs • > 20 FREGs (of 20-25 farmers) for PVS and participatory seed multiplication (FREGs as technology generation and dissemination points)
DZ 2023 (Megenagna) HAR 2562 (Densa) ET12D4/HAR604(1) (TAY) Improved varieties DZ 2178 (Mosobo)
PVS and seed production (2009/10) at Farmers cooperatives PVS-Onfarm with MSc students
Local Seed Business Wheat basic seed production
B. Wheat in the courses • “Principles of crop production” Pre-requisites courses (Plant anatomy and morphology and plant physiology) • Preliminaries (Food production/population growth, climate change, Ethiopian agriculture) and wheat contribution • Production factors • Environmental (temperature, light, water, humidity, wind, soil …) • Agronomic elements • Crop protection –weeds, diseases, insects, vertebrate pests, etc
B. Wheat in the courses (cont’d) 2. “Cereals and Pulses Production” Pre-requisites (Principles of crop production) • Wheat described separately as major cereal crop among other cereals and pulses • Wheat: origin, history and economic importance, classification and botany, nutritive value, crop management, major constraints of production • Wheat yield and yield components • Current wheat production status and recent varieties under production (list and description of released varieties provided) • CIMMYT contribution (Maize and wheat)
B. Wheat in the courses (cont’d) 3. Wheat in other courses Major Courses; • Principles of Genetics • Plant Breeding • Plant Physiology • Agricultural Entomology • Plant Pathology • Weeds and Weed Management 4. • Practical Attachment ????
Wheat- MSc thesis studies • Variability (morphological, yield, quality) studies • NUE (N rates) • GxE Interaction • PVS Bahir Dar U http://www.bdu.edu.et/