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Wheat Breeding in North western Ethiopia

Wheat Breeding in North western Ethiopia. “Wheat Science to text books” workshop CIMMYT, Texcoco, Mexico December 5-11, 2010 Bahir Dar University : http://www.bdu.edu.et/. A. Wheat in Ethiopia (2009 ). Cereals are 1 st in area and volume of production

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Wheat Breeding in North western Ethiopia

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  1. Wheat Breeding in North western Ethiopia “Wheat Science to text books” workshop CIMMYT, Texcoco, Mexico December 5-11, 2010 Bahir Dar University:http://www.bdu.edu.et/

  2. A. Wheat in Ethiopia (2009) • Cereals are 1st in area and volume of production • Area: 80.3% ~ 9.23 million hectares

  3. A. Wheat in Ethiopia (cont’d) • Total area of production, yield ha-1 and total grain yield of the major cereal crops in Ethiopia (2009)

  4. Tef (Eragrostistef)

  5. Agroclimate of Wheat Production in Ethiopia

  6. IMPORTANT CONSTRAINTS OF WHEAT PRODUCTION • Many technical and socio-economic constraints • Problems depend on agro-ecology, demands of the wheat producers and consumers A) Unavailability of improved cultivars for different agro-ecologies B) Slow extension of available improved cultivars • Ineffectiveness of formal and informal seed sector/sources

  7. IMPORTANT CONSTRAINTS OF WHEAT PRODUCTION (cont’d) C) Disease pressure Head scab Septoria Yellow rust stem rust

  8. Approximate areas affected by stripe rust , 2010

  9. IMPORTANT CONSTRAINTS OF WHEAT PRODUCTION (cont’d) D) Quality E) High input prices (major concern of wheat growers) F) water-logging (~12 million ha) G) Characterization and grouping of L and G for maximum exploitation of the wheat environments Yield gap (5-6 tons)

  10. Approaches of breeding: • Conventional and participatory • (Molecular ??) Multi-location variety trials : • Many agro-ecological zones ( eg. 10 representing testing sites in NWE) • Plus more than 20 on-farm sites (FREGs) for participatory VT and agronomic trials

  11. Variety testing (on-farm) • 20 varieties • 1st year Pre-verification 3-5 vars 2ndyear Verification for release 3 cultivars 3rd year • Seed prodn • 1-3 vars • 4th year • Participatory variety selections –PVS (Farmers, extension agents and other research disciplines) FREGs

  12. Criteria established by FREGs evaluation of bread wheat genotypes in two zones:

  13. On-farm G x N x L Quality trial On-farm durum and bread wheat

  14. Filial pop. Crossing • Bread and durum wheat crosses using elite parents (exotic and local) AC Morse; Navigator; SST825;Kariega; Cracker Spreader rows

  15. Quality testing • NIR (protein, starch, ash) • Alveograph • Glutomatic • Milling lab

  16. SEED PRODUCTION Small-scale seed production in FREGs • > 20 FREGs (of 20-25 farmers) for PVS and participatory seed multiplication (FREGs as technology generation and dissemination points)

  17. DZ 2023 (Megenagna) HAR 2562 (Densa) ET12D4/HAR604(1) (TAY) Improved varieties DZ 2178 (Mosobo)

  18. PVS and seed production (2009/10) at Farmers cooperatives PVS-Onfarm with MSc students

  19. PVS-Onfarm with MSc students

  20. Local Seed Business Wheat basic seed production

  21. Wheat and maize seed production-Farmers field

  22. B. Wheat in the courses • “Principles of crop production” Pre-requisites courses (Plant anatomy and morphology and plant physiology) • Preliminaries (Food production/population growth, climate change, Ethiopian agriculture) and wheat contribution • Production factors • Environmental (temperature, light, water, humidity, wind, soil …) • Agronomic elements • Crop protection –weeds, diseases, insects, vertebrate pests, etc

  23. B. Wheat in the courses (cont’d) 2. “Cereals and Pulses Production” Pre-requisites (Principles of crop production) • Wheat described separately as major cereal crop among other cereals and pulses • Wheat: origin, history and economic importance, classification and botany, nutritive value, crop management, major constraints of production • Wheat yield and yield components • Current wheat production status and recent varieties under production (list and description of released varieties provided) • CIMMYT contribution (Maize and wheat)

  24. B. Wheat in the courses (cont’d) 3. Wheat in other courses Major Courses; • Principles of Genetics • Plant Breeding • Plant Physiology • Agricultural Entomology • Plant Pathology • Weeds and Weed Management 4. • Practical Attachment ????

  25. Wheat- MSc thesis studies • Variability (morphological, yield, quality) studies • NUE (N rates) • GxE Interaction • PVS Bahir Dar U http://www.bdu.edu.et/

  26. Thank you !!

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