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Hogere lagen van het OSI model

Hogere lagen van het OSI model. Mogelijkheden van netwerken. Fileserver-systems Remote execution / log-on Distributed systems Resource sharing (printer, scanner) Document sharing (WWW) Mail News Voice. Protocollen. An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two devices.

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Hogere lagen van het OSI model

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  1. Hogere lagen van het OSI model Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  2. Mogelijkheden van netwerken • Fileserver-systems • Remote execution / log-on • Distributed systems • Resource sharing (printer, scanner) • Document sharing (WWW) • Mail • News • Voice Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  3. Protocollen An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two devices. • The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) • Telnet TCP/IP • IPX/SPX • Novell • NFS • RPC • X-25 • X-window • Apple talk • Netbeui Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  4. Novell, IPX / SPX IPX : Internetworking Packet Exchange SPX : Sequence Packet Exchange SPX ligt bovenop IPX en wordt dus ingekapseld in IPX! Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  5. IPX-header Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  6. SPX-header Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  7. Eenvoudig MS-DOS netwerk (LAN) Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  8. TCP / IP IP : Internet Protocol. IP specifies the format of packets, also called datagrams (soort brievenpost), and the addressing scheme. (de iplaag verzorgt de routering) TCP : Transmission Control Protocol Whereas the IP protocol deals only with packets, TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data. TCP guarantees delivery of data and also guarantees that packets will be delivered in the same order in which they were sent. Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  9. IP-header Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  10. IP-adres Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  11. Class A - supports 16 million hosts on each of 126 networks • Class B - supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks • Class C - supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks IP-adres op het internet An IP address consists of two parts, one identifying the network and one identifying the node, or host. The Class of the address determines which part belongs to the network address and which part belongs to the node address Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  12. Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  13. Niet routeerbare adressen Beginadres Eindadres 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 127.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 loopback Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  14. TCP-header Het poort nummer is gekoppeld aan een bepaalde applicatie. Poort 80 wordt bijv. gebruikt voor http verkeer. Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  15. UDP (Universal Datagram Protocol) Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  16. Protocol stack voor TCP/IPFTP via poort 21, HTTP via 80, telnet via 23, NNTP via 119, SMTP via 25(zie /etc/services op een linuxmachine voor een lijst met standaard poortnummers) Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  17. Voorbeeld van ping <de default gateway> bekeken met Ethereal Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  18. En een ping wat verder weg naar 145.89.166.36 Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  19. En nu als ping www.expa.hvu.nl Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  20. Eenvoudig netwerk met router ethernet, MAC address ARP : Address Resolution Protocol, a network layer protocol used to convert an IP address into a physical address (Data Link Control address or MAC address). DHCP : Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a protocol for assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network. Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  21. IP versie 6Internet Protocol next generationadres 128 bits = 16 bytes bijv. 2001:07b8:0:0:0:0:0:1 = 2001:7b8::1poort 80 op dit adres schrijf je als [2001:7b8::1]:80 Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  22. V: 4-bit Internet Protocol version number = 6. Prio: 4-bit Priority value. Flow Label: 24-bit field, Quality of Service. Payload Length: 16-bit unsigned integer. Length of payload, i.e., the rest of the packet following the IPng header, in octets. Next Hdr: 8-bit selector. Identifies the type of header immediately following the IPng header. Hop Limit: 8-bit unsigned integer. Decremented by 1 by each node that forwards the packet. The packet is discarded if Hop Limit is decremented to zero. Source Address: 128 bits. Destination Address: 128 bits. Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  23. RPC : Remote Procedure Call Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  24. DCE : Distributed Computing Environmernt Suite of technology services developed by The Open Group for creating distributed applications that run on different platforms. Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  25. COM, DCOM, CORBA, RMI • COM : Component Object Model, DCOM : Distributed COM (Microsoft) • CORBA : Common Object Request Broker Archticture (Open Source) • RMI: Remote Method Invocation (Java) The COM software architecture is developed by Microsoft to build component-based applications. COM objects are discrete components, each with a unique identity, which expose interfaces that allow applications and other components to access their features. Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  26. LDAP LDAP : Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, a set of protocols for accessing information directories. OpenLDAP is the Open Source Version of LDAP LDAP should eventually make it possible for almost any application running on virtually any computer platform to obtain directory information, such as email addresses and public keys. Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  27. Security by Encryption (not by Obscurity!) Encryption techniques are based on public and private key’s. Examples: GPG (GNU Pretty Good privacy for files and email) SSL (Secure Socket Layer - on application level) TLS (Transport Layer Security - on application level) IPSec (IP Secure – on IP level) SSH (Secure Shell protocol) Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  28. Internet en intranet (achter firewall) A global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. • E-mail • FTP • Telnet • News • WWW • SSH Bovenop TCP/IP: Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

  29. Opdracht • bestudeer 15.8 t/m 15.10 • Practicum Ethereal Hogeschool van Utrecht / Institute for Computer, Communication and Media Technology

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