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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis. (Sunlight + Water + CO2) = (Energy + O2) Energy is in the form of ATP and Sugar. ATP?. Remember that Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP) is a macromolecule that provides all cells with energy. Where?. Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis

  2. Photosynthesis • (Sunlight + Water + CO2) = (Energy + O2) • Energy is in the form of ATP and Sugar

  3. ATP? • Remember that Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP) is a macromolecule that provides all cells with energy

  4. Where? • Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts • Chloroplasts are an organelle that contains a pigment known as chlorophyll • Chlorophyll is a pigment that collects sunlight that travels in the blue-violet and red spectrum

  5. Chlorophyll • Comes in an “a” and “b” form • Chloroplasts contain structures called thylakoids. Stacks of thylakoids are referred to as granum • Fluid portions of the chloroplasts are know as Stroma

  6. Electromagnetic spectrum

  7. Chloroplast

  8. Light Dependent Cycle

  9. Light Dependent Reaction • There are 2 steps to this reaction: • 1) Change ADP into ATP (photosystem II) • This happens by using proteins in the electron transport chain to generate ATP from ADP • Sunlight starts process • Electon transport chain pulls H+ ions from stroma into the thylakoid • These H+ ions are then sent through ATP synthase to change ADP into ATP

  10. Generating ATP in Photosystem II 1) Sunlight activates Electrons 2) Electrons are passed through a series of proteins know as the electron transport chain 3) The electron transport chain provides the energy needed to build up a concentration of H+ ions (from stroma) that are used by ATP synthase to change ADP into ATP

  11. Light Dependent Cycle

  12. ATP Synthase • ATP synthase is a special protein that allows H+ ions to pass from the thylakoid into the stroma space. • When this happens ATP synthase acts like a rotating wheel (like a turbine in a hydroelectric damn) which attaches a phosphate to ADP making ATP

  13. Light Dependent Cycle

  14. Step 2 2) Transport high-energy electrons into stroma changing NADP+ into NADPH (photosystem I) Again, Sunlight is used to re-energize electrons

  15. Photosystem I • Creating the high energy NADPH • Requires additional sunlight to re-energize electrons • (HIGH energy electrons) + (NADP+)+ (H+) = NADPH

  16. Light Dependent Cycle

  17. Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) 2nd reaction of photosynthesis Takes place in Stroma region of chloroplasts Uses ATP and NADPH molecules (from light dependent reaction) to convert Carbon dioxide into sugars

  18. Light Independent Cycle

  19. Chloroplast

  20. SUMMARY Light dependent reaction takes in sunlight and water and creates ATP (photosystem II) and NADPH (Photosystem I) Both photosystems involve high-energy electrons ATP and NADPH are then passed on to Light Independent Cycle (Calvin cycle) to make sugar

  21. Flip Book Requirements • 1) Chloroplasts • 2) Cholorphyll and Light Waves • 3) Photosystem II • 4) Photosystem I • 5) ATP Synthase and Electron Transport Chain • 6) Calvin Cycle

  22. Flip Book Project • Draw, label, and describe the following terms along with their role in photosynthesis: • 1) Chloroplasts, 2) Light waves and chlorophyll, 3) Photosystem II, 4) ATP Synthase and electron transport chain, 5) photosystem I) , 6) Calvin Cycle. • Key terms: Thylakoid, Granum, Stroma, Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Electromagnetic spectrum, photon, wave lengths, Electron transport chain, ATP, ADP, NADP+, NADPH, CO2, O2, Water, Glucose, High-energy electrons,

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