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MUSLIM INFLUENCE IN SPAIN

MUSLIM INFLUENCE IN SPAIN. COURSE: Introduction to Middle Eastern and Asian Languages/Cultures Instructor: Nasim Khawaja Lesson created by Kathy Latham Course Number: HUM 195 – Section 031 W. Early History of the Iberian Peninsula Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain

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MUSLIM INFLUENCE IN SPAIN

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  1. MUSLIM INFLUENCE IN SPAIN COURSE: Introduction to Middle Eastern and Asian Languages/Cultures Instructor: Nasim Khawaja Lesson created by Kathy Latham Course Number: HUM 195 – Section 031 W

  2. Early History of the Iberian Peninsula Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain --Visigoths --Al-Andaluz * --Age of Reconquest Handouts on the Visigoths downfall due to disinterest Handout on Arab Spain Handout on What is Arab Handout on the Islamic Conquest including information on the Five Pillars of Islam Handout on La reconquista

  3. ARCHITECTURE Some of Spain’s most famous architectural monuments date from the Muslim period: architecture in southern Spain and Latin America borrows a great deal from Muslim builders, both in terms of materials used--tile, stucco—and design elements like central courtyards, abstract ornamentation and creative use of water and fountains.

  4. THE ALHAMBRA The Red Castle is an ancient palace and fortress complex of the Moorish monarchs of Granada, in Southern Spain (known as Al-Andaluz) when the fortress was constructed, occupying a Hilly terrace on the south-eastern border of the city of Granada. ALHAMBRA The Alhambra (Red

  5. Architecture/Plumbing The private residence of Muhammad V. Four great halls enclose the famous “lions court”. The figures of lions that carry the fountain is a curiosity in arabian art, as the figurative representation of animals and humans is forbidden by the holy book of the Koran in the Islamic religion. The Patio has a very advanced irrigation system.

  6. The name Alhambra signifying in Arabic, the red is probably derived from the color of the sun dried tapia ( bricks) made of fine gravel and clay. Some authorities say that it represents the red flare of the torches used while construction was carried on at night. Others associate it with the name of the Founder, Mahomet , Ibn Al Ahmar and still Others derive it from the Arabic Dar al Amra, House of the Master. The palace was built between 1284 and 1354 in the reigns of Al Ahmar and his successors. ALHAMBRA The Alhambra (Red

  7. Fountains, tilework and elegantly Carved stucco make a courtyard Inviting for artisans and architects Alike. This is an Alhambra pillar in detail.

  8. Mosaic Tile This tilework decorates the sala de las Dos Hermanas, or the Hall of the Two Sisters in the Alhambra. The artisans and craftsmen of Spain, after the reconquest by the Christians remained largely Muslim, and they often received commissions from Spanish Nobility: their work can be seen today throughout Andalusia, in the royal residences of Seville, the Alcazar, (the palace) for example.

  9. Science In Islamic Spain, scholars found welcoming patrons. In the 19th century, Abbas Ibn Firnas experimented with flight 600 years before Leonardo da Vinci. He constructed a pair of wings made from feathers in a wooden frame and attempted to fly. He also constructed a planetarium in which the planets actually moved. It also simulated thunder and lightning.

  10. Astronomy There was much interest in astronomy because it was useful for determining the times of prayer and adjusting the calendar. Muslims go by a different calendar than Christians. The study of mathematics and astronomy went hand in hand. Math was needed to interpret the complicated law of inheritance and as a basis for measuring distances and for commercial purposes.

  11. Philosophy Ibn Rushd, one of the great intellects of the 12th century is honored by a statue in his hometown of Cordova. Ibn examined the relationship between reason and religion. Much of his thought prefigured the work of Thomas Acquinas He was known for his commentary on Aristotle

  12. Music in Al-Andaluz The lute was one of the very first instruments that came from the Arabs seen here on the right and it is believed to have inspired the guitar. Flamenco dancing also came from the Arabs as well as the castanets and other instruments like the tambourine.

  13. Cooking and Food More than any other aspects of our daily lives, many Spanish and Mexican foods can be traced back to their Arabic Origins. Apricots Coffee Oranges Lemons Limes Sugar Syrup Candy Albondigas (meatballs shown here)

  14. The Gardens of Al-Andaluz The people of Al-Andaluz had a passion for gardens, combining their love of beauty with their interest in medicinal plants. Ibn al-’Awwam, lists 584 species of plants and gives precise instruction regarding cultivation and use. He wrote how to graft trees, make hybrids, stop blights and insect pests and make floral perfumes.

  15. Arab Language Legacies Words like Algebra, cifra, jarro, magazin, raqueta, as well as words that begin with al such as almohada (pillow), almuerzo alcazar,(fortress) alameda, all all have their origin in the Arabic language. The next time you wear a new shirt or blouse, you can thank the Arabs for cultivating and naming the plant we now call algodon (cotton).

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