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Ancient Empires and Philosophies: Key Concepts and Beliefs

Explore the foundational figures, beliefs, and civilizations of ancient India and China, including Asoka, Confucius, and the Han Dynasty. Learn about reincarnation, the Silk Road, and the golden ages of India and China. Understand the impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism on society and governance. Enhance your critical thinking by examining cause-and-effect relationships and making insightful comparisons.

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Ancient Empires and Philosophies: Key Concepts and Beliefs

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  1. Chapter 4 Essentials Review for Test

  2. Vocabulary – know the following: • Asoka – Maurya emperor who paved the way for the spread of Buddhism • Chandragupta Maurya – founded the first great Indian empire • Reincarnation – belief in the rebirth of the soul in another body • Confucius – Chinese philosopher, believed that people were naturally good • Shiva – Hindu god; the Destroyer

  3. Vocabulary – know the following: • Siddartha Gautama – founded Buddhism • Silk Road – a trade route linking China to the west • Hanfeizi – Chinese philosopher, taught that “the nature of man is evil” • Liu Bang – founded the Han Dynasty • Shi Huangdi – united China and built the Great Wall

  4. Main Ideas – part of the BIG picture • Confucius taught the Chinese people that their most important duty was respect for their parents • Han rulers based their rule on the teachings of Confucius • Under the rule of the Han, China became the most advanced civilization in the world • Both Hindus and Buddhists believe in nonviolence • The golden age of India took place during the rule of the Guptas

  5. Main Ideas – part of the BIG picture • In Hindu society, the purpose of caste rules was to ensure spiritual purity • In an Indian household, the head of the family was the father • A village council ruled Indian villages • Hindus believed caste could be changed by the law of karma • A stupa was a large dome-shaped shrine that housed sacred remains

  6. Critical Thinking – use your brain • Cause and Effect • Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism helped create orderly societies because they all placed value on harmony, duty, and nonviolence. • Making Comparisons • Gupta India and Han China were alike because both produced a golden age of learning in which the arts and technology flourished.

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