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Radiation Protection

Radiation Protection. Stat Ch 8 & 9 RHB – Rad Prot Syllabus. What is the difference between X-ray & Gamma?. RHB – Rad Prot – CH. IX p 51. ALARA (no minimum threshold) STOCHASTIC EFFECTS – NON TRESHOLD (CA + GENETIC) NON STHOCAHSTIC (DETERMINISTIC)

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Radiation Protection

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  1. Radiation Protection Stat Ch 8 & 9 RHB – Rad Prot Syllabus

  2. What is the difference betweenX-ray & Gamma?

  3. RHB – Rad Prot – CH. IX p 51 • ALARA (no minimum threshold) • STOCHASTIC EFFECTS – NON TRESHOLD (CA + GENETIC) • NON STHOCAHSTIC (DETERMINISTIC) SEVERITY OF EFFECTS VARIES WITH RADIATION DOSE (THRESHOLD) (CATARACTS, SKIN, BONE MARROW, STERILITY

  4. SCATTER FROM THE PATIENT TABLE TOP, COLLIMATOR, TUBE HOUSING, BUCKY STRAY RADIATION – LEAKAGE OR SCATTER RADIATION PERSONNEL PROTECTION

  5. PERSONNEL PROTECTION • STANDING BEHIND A PROTECTIVE PRIMARY (1/16TH pb) BARRIER: • PRIMARY RADIATION EXPOSURE – 99.87% REDUCED • PORTABLE BARRIER = 99 % REDUCTION

  6. PERSONNEL PROTECTION • PROTECTIVE APRONS – • 0.25 PB = 97% ↓ TO SCATTER • 0.5 PB = 99.9% ↓ TO SCATTER • THYROID SHEILDS (0.25 & 0.5) • GLOVES (0.25 & 0.5)

  7. FILM BADGE TLD POSL POCKET DOSIMETER RING BADGE PERSONNEL PROTECTIONMONITORING

  8. PERSONNEL PROTECTIONMONITORING • DOSE LIMITS • WHOLE BODY • EYES • EXTREMITIES (BELOW ELBOW/KNEES)

  9. Occupational DoseANNUAL LIMITS • WHOLE BODY = 5 REMS / 5000mRem • LENS OF THE EYE = 15 REMS • EXTREMITIES = 50 REMS

  10. TLD

  11. Ionization chamber

  12. Report at least every quarterPreserved for a minimum of 3 years

  13. RHB NOTIFICATION (EXP IN 24 HOURS) • IMMEDIATE – WITHIN 24 HOURS • TOTAL DOSE OF 25 rems • Eye dose – 75 rem • Extremity – 250 RADS • OVEREXPOSURE – WITHIN 30 DAYS • TOTAL DOSE OF 5 rems • Eye dose – 15 rem • Extremity - 50 REMS

  14. LICENSE RENEWAL • WITHIN 30 DAYS OF EXPRIATION • NOTIFICATION OF CHANGE OF ADDRESS

  15. HIGH RADIAITON AREA – • 100 mRem ( 0.1 rem / (1 msV) • @ 30 cm from the source of radiaton • RADIAITON AREA – • RHB: 5 mRem ( 0.005 rem / (.05 msV) • @ 30 cm from the source of radiation • PUBLIC 2 mrem per week* (STAT)

  16. RHB “RULES” RHB RP PG61 • LICENTIATES OF THE HEALING ARTS (MD, DO, DC, DPM) • MUST HAVE A • RADIOLOGY SUPERVISOR & OPERATORS PERMIT & CERTIFICATE • TO OPERATE OR SUPERVISE THE USE OF X-RAYS ON HUMANS • SUPEVISORS MUST POST THEIR LICENSES

  17. RHB “RULES” RHB RP PG62 • ALL XRAYS MUST BE ORDERED BY A PHYSICIAN • VERBAL OR WRITTEN PRESCRIPTION • See Section C – “Technologist Restrictions”

  18. CARDINAL RULES • TIME • DISTANCE • SHEILDING

  19. SHEILDING PG 72 RHB • HVL – expressed 2 ways • HOW MUCH IT REDUCES THE ORGINAL BEAM INTENSITY • HOW MUCH IS REQUIRED FOR BARRIER THICKNESS (amount needed to attenuated the beam

  20. Room SheildingCh. 9 • Workload Factor (W) -ma/sec/week – how much time during the week is the beam on • Occupancy Factor (T) - # of people in room - beyond the barrier • Use Factor (U) - % of time beam will strike a barrier (table pg 242) Primary vs Secondary • Leakage Radiation

  21. Which type of radiation is predominant above 80 kvp?

  22. 10 day rule • No threshold for exposure • Leukemia , congential abnormailies cander induction, resportion or death of the embryo and genetic effects • Therapetuic Abortion “not justified” • 25 rads or less – no injury seen • ABSORBED DOSES – 50 RADS – could result in a spontaneous abortion

  23. DOSE TO FETUS VS ESE

  24. Pregnancy & Embryo Mother – occupational worker (5 rem) • Baby – (500 mRem) • .5 rem/ year .05 rem/month • 5 mSv .5 mSv / month

  25. Declared Pregnant Worker • Must declare pregnancy – 2 badges provided • 1 worn at collar (Mother’s exposure) • 1 worn inside apron at waist level Under 5 rad – negligible risk Risk increases above 15 rad Recommend abortion (spontaneous) 25 rad • (“Baby exposure” approx 1/1000 of ESE) • www.ntc.gov/NRC/RG/08/08-013.html

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