Social Studies 9

1. Social Studies 9 Unit 8 – Arrival in Canada SECTION 7

2. Introduction • William of Orange had just taken over the thrown of England • The previous king, King James had fled to France and joined the army • King William joins the league of Augsburg against France VS

3. Introduction • King William and Britain were protestant • King James and France were Catholic • This also contributed to the reasons to fight in the new world

4. Allies Many Indian Tribes sided with European colonies because the Europeans promised they would help them fight their native enemies. The Europeans also promised land and other items

5. War Begins • French and English colonists already despised each other before King James’s exile • In June 1689 several hundred Indians under French command attacked the British city of Dover • This would start a 9 year war

6. War Begins • The English attacked Acadia and captured it • The French rallied under Count de Frontenac • He sent out 3 war parties in 1690

7. War begins • The first party destroyed Schenectady • The second burned the settlement of salmon falls • The third forced Fort Loyal to surrender

8. War under Way • Most battles by both sides were surprise attacks by Indians which were led by British or French leaders • Most battles were small skirmishes and didn’t last long • The French and their Indian allies won the most land and battles

9. War at its End • The war was finally ended in 1697 with the treaty of Ryswick • A status quo ante bellum was established • Peace didn’t last long and 5 years later another war had begun

10. Queen Anne's War • The Queen Anne’s War was the N. American war of the Spanish Succession • It Started in 1702 and ended in 1713 • It ended with the treaty of Utrecht

11. Queen Anne's War • They fought on 3 fronts • English fought with the French in Acadia • Spanish fought the English in Florida • French battled with the English in Newfoundland

12. Acadia • Port Royal was the Centre of Nova Scotia it gave control of the rich fishing waters of the Grand Banks • In 1704 the Major Benjamin Church of the British created a blockade of Port Royal but later left for Boston

13. Acadia • A second and third attempt at Port Royal both failed • Daniel d’Auger de Subercase defended port Royal from John March and Colonel Francis Wainwright

14. Acadia • On the 4th attempt British attacked on September 24 1710 • They attacked with 36 ships and 2000 men • The French lasted 8 days but then surrendered to the power of Britain • This ended French rule of Acadia

15. SpanishandEnglishwar • The war was fought in Florida and Carolina • Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville new that control of the Mississippi would greatly help trade • This land was controlled by the English

16. Spanish and English War • Iberville convinced the Spanish to arm some Indians and make an attack on the English • The English received warning and met them at flint river and wiped 500 Spanish led Indians

17. Spanish and English war • The war was now under way • The English countered under governor Moore with 500 English and 300 Indians • They attacked St. Augustine and burnt it to the ground • They were unable to take the main fortress and were sent back by Spanish from Havana

18. Spanish and English war • The Apalachee and Timucua indians were wiped out by Moore • These raids were known as the Apalachee Massacre

19. English battle for Newfoundland • John Leake attacked several small towns but did not attack the French fortress Plaisance • in 1705 Daniel d’Auger de Subercase attacked some English settlement and unsuccessfully besieged fort William

20. English battle for Newfoundland • In 1706 the English sent a fleet of ships that destroyed French fishing posts • In 1708 the French Canadians, and Mi'kmaq captured fort St. john but later abandoned it

21. Peace again • After all the fighting another treaty was signed • The treaty of Utrecht was signed in 1713 • The British gained Acadia, Newfoundland and the Hudson bay region

22. Peace again • The French remained in control of all the islands in the gulf of saint Lawrence and held rights to fish in the area and to dry fish on the northern shore of Newfoundland • Although another treaty was signed there was still war in the future for England and France

23. Fortress of Louisburg • After the treaty was signed the French wanted to make sure they were defended from attacks further inland • The fortress of Louisburg was built to prevent the British from attacking by ship down the St. Lawrence

24. Fortress of Louisburg • The French's new fortress was poorly built • It took over 20 years to build and the massive walls could easily be destroyed by the British's modern canons • the fortress was also built in the wrong spot. It was not built on a hill but surrounding hills could easily attack it