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Collections II: Entomology. Diet and Feeding. Three basic types of diets:. saprophytic phytophagous carnivorous. Saprophytic. recycle nutrients Types of food sources: Plant remains Animal corpses Animal feces. Saprophytic examples:. Dung beetles recycle animal feces.
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Collections II: Entomology Diet and Feeding
Three basic types of diets: • saprophytic • phytophagous • carnivorous
Saprophytic • recycle nutrients • Types of food sources: • Plant remains • Animal corpses • Animal feces
Saprophytic examples: Dung beetles recycle animal feces Maggots feeding on animal remains
Phytophagous • consume plants (3 main types): • Polyphagous: (eg grasshoppers) consume many species of plants • Oligophagous: (eg wander butterfly larvae) consume a few species of related plants • Monophagous: (eg citrus butterfly, white cedar moth) consume a single species of plant
Plant-eaters mouthparts: • Chewing - leaves, stems, roots, fruit, wood, flowers, pollen • Piercing/sucking - leaves, roots, stems (either phloem or xylem) or nectar • Sucking or lapping - nectar or sap
Chewing examples: Leaf blisters Sawfly larvae Leaf mines
Piercing/sucking examples: Lerps – protective outercovering of jumping plant lice Spittle Bug
Sucking or lapping examples: Honey Bee Butterfly
Carnivorous • Carnivorous insects (animal tissues): • Predatorseats insects or animals • speed (e.g. robber fly, dragonfly) • trap (antlion larva) • use of modified appendages (e.g. raptorial legs of mantid, extendable labium of dragonfly nymph). • Parasites live off a host but do not kill it. • Ectoparasites live externally on the host; • Endoparasites live inside the host. • Parasitoids kill the host.
Predator examples: Praying mantis with prey An Ant lion Pit
Parasite example: Mosquito about to feed on blood
Parasitoid example: A tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) parasitised by braconid wasp larvae