Max/min Finding Roots

Max/min Finding Roots

You should know the following about quadratic functions: • How to graph them • How to find the vertex • How to find the x- and y- intercepts • How to find the equation from the pattern • How to find the equation from the graph • How to change from one form to another

By giving you the equation There are basically two types of quadratic word problems: Those that ask you to find the vertex Those that ask you to find the roots

By giving you the information to find the equation There are basically two types of quadratic word problems: Those that ask you to find the vertex Those that ask you to find the roots These are the harder ones!!

We have seen that the vertex of a quadratic in general form is given by The y-value of the vertex is either the maximum value the function can have or it’s the minimum value the function can have. y-value’s a min when a >0 y-value’s a max when a<0

Example 1 A small business’ profits over the last year have been related to the price of the only product. The relationship is R(p) = -0.4p2 +64p-2400, where R is the revenue measured in thousands of dollars and p is the price of the product measured in dollars. a. What price would maximize the revenue? The word maximize screams “FIND THE VERTEX!!” Thus, a price of $80 would maximize the revenue.

Example 1 A small business’ profits over the last year have been related to the price of the only product. The relationship is R(p) = -0.4p2 +64p-2400, where R is the revenue measured in thousands of dollars and p is the price of the product measured in dollars. b. What is the maximum revenue possible? The answer to this question is the y-value of the vertex. The maximum revenue is $160 000.

Example 1 A small business’ profits over the last year have been related to the price of the only product. The relationship is R(p) = -0.4p2 +64p-2400, where R is the revenue measured in thousands of dollars and p is the price of the product measured in dollars. c. How much money would they lose if they gave the product away? This question is talking about a price of 0 or p = 0 The business would lose $2 400 000.

Example 2:no equation A farmer needs to fence off his animals. He bought 800 m of fencing and would like to maximize the area for his livestock. According to regulations the pens need to find these relative dimensions: Kids Pig Pen Sheep pen What are the dimensions of the largest area?

Example 2:no equation A farmer needs to fence off his animals. He bought 800 m of fencing and would like to maximize the area for his livestock. According to regulations the pens need to find these relative dimensions: Again the word Maximum means VERTEX. BUT…

Example 2:no equation A farmer needs to fence off his animals. He bought 800 m of fencing and would like to maximize the area for his livestock. According to regulations the pens need to find these relative dimensions: We know: The total fencing is 800m. This means 3w+3w+3w+8L+8L+w+2L=800 This equation has two unknowns!! or 10w + 18L =800

Example 2:no equation A farmer needs to fence off his animals. He bought 800 m of fencing and would like to maximize the area for his livestock. According to regulations the pens need to find these relative dimensions: The question is asking for the maximum area. So let’s get an area equation: Area of a rectangle A = (3w)(8L) A = 24wL

Substitute this into the area equation. The two equations are A = 24wL 10w + 18L =800 To solve this system of equations, use substitution. Solve the linear equation (the one without the multiplication of variables) for one of the unknowns. 10w + 18L =800 10w =800 -18L w = 80 -1.8L A = 24wL A = 24(80-1.8L)L A = 24L(80-1.8L) A = 1920L-43.2L2

A = 1920L-43.2L2 Remember, we’re looking for the MAX AREA. We’ll find that with the vertex. The BEST L value to use is 22.22m This leads to a w value of w = 80 -1.8L w = 80-1.8(22.22) w= 40.00m

Example 2:no equation A farmer needs to fence off his animals. He bought 800 m of fencing and would like to maximize the area for his livestock. According to regulations the pens need to find these relative dimensions: The dimensions that would be the best are: w = 40.00m and L = 22.22m The largest area would be: A = 24wL A = 24(40.00)(22.22) A = 21331.2m2

A lifeguard has 75m of rope to section off the supervised area of the beach. What is the largest rectangular swimming area possible? 2w + L = 75 A = wL L= 75-2w A=w(75-2w) A = 75w-2w2 A = 75(18.75)-2(18.75)2 A =1406.25-703.125 A= 703.125

We know that we can find the roots of a quadratic function by setting one side equal to zero and Factoring (sometimes) Using the quadratic root formula Completing the square (too long) This ALWAYS works for a quadratic in general form and is easy to do.

Example 1 A duck dives under water and its path is described by the quadratic function y = 2x2 -4x, where y represents the position of the duck in metres and x represents the time in seconds. a. How long was the duck underwater? The duck is no longer underwater when the depth is 0. We can plug in y= 0 and solve for x. The duck was underwater for 4 seconds So x = 0 or 4

Example 1 A duck dives under water and its path is described by the quadratic function y = 2x2 -4x, where y represents the position of the duck in metres from the water and x represents the time in seconds. b. When was the duck at a depth of 5m? We can plug in y= -5 and solve for x. We cannot solve this because there’s a negative number under the square root. We conclude that the duck is never 5m below the water.

Example 1 A duck dives under water and its path is described by the quadratic function y = 2x2 -4x, where y represents the position of the duck in metres from the water and x represents the time in seconds. We conclude that the duck is never 5m below the water. b. When was the duck at a depth of 5m? We can check this by finding the minimum value of y.

Example 1 A duck dives under water and its path is described by the quadratic function y = 2x2 -4x, where y represents the position of the duck in metres and x represents the time in seconds. c. How long was the duck at least 0.5m below the water’s surface? We can plug in y= -0.5 and solve for x. This will give us the times when the duck is at 0.5 m below. The duck was 0.5m below at t = 0.14s and at t = 1.87s Therefore it was below 0.5m for 1.73s

Example 2:no equation A rectangular lawn measures 8m by 6m. The homeowner mows a strip of uniform width around the lawn, as shown. If 40% of the lawn remains unmowed, what is the width of the strip? The area of the lawn is 8 x 6 =48 -6-2x- 40% 40% of this is unmowed: 48 x 0.40 = 19.2 -----8-2x----- The dimensions of this unmowed rectangle are

Example 2:no equation A rectangular lawn measures 8m by 6m. The homeowner mows a strip of uniform width around the lawn, as shown. If 40% of the lawn remains unmowed, what is the width of the strip? So 19.2 = (8-2x)(6-2x) -6-2x- We need to solve for x 40% Make one side equal to 0 and use the quadratic root formula -----8-2x----- But first we FOIL it out

Example 2:no equation A rectangular lawn measures 8m by 6m. The homeowner mows a strip of uniform width around the lawn, as shown. If 40% of the lawn remains unmowed, what is the width of the strip? So 19.2 = (8-2x)(6-2x) -6-2x- 40% -----8-2x-----

Example 2:no equation A rectangular lawn measures 8m by 6m. The homeowner mows a strip of uniform width around the lawn, as shown. If 40% of the lawn remains unmowed, what is the width of the strip? 0 = 4x2-28x+28.8 -6-2x- 40% -----8-2x----- The mowed strip has a width of 1.25m

Example 2:no equation A rectangular lawn measures 8m by 6m. The homeowner mows a strip of uniform width around the lawn, as shown. If 40% of the lawn remains unmowed, what is the width of the strip? Let’s check: -6-2x- If x = 1.25m then the 40% length is 8 – 2x = 8 -2(1.25) =5.5m width is 6 – 2x = 6 -2(1.25) =3.5m -----8-2x----- A = (5.5)(3.5) A =19.2 Which was 40% of the total area!

Roots Word Problems Example 3: no equation Two numbers have a difference of 18. The sum of their squares is 194. What are the numbers? Let’s define our variables: S = one of the numbers G= the other number S – G = 18 The question indicates two equations relating these two variables. S2+ G2 = 194 Again, we have a substitution situation. Solve the simpler equation for a variable and plug it in to the other equation. S=18+G (18+G)2 + G2 = 194

Roots Word Problems Example 3: no equation Two numbers have a difference of 18. The sum of their squares is 194. What are the numbers? (18+G)2 + G2 = 194 We need to solve this equation for G. Use the quadratic root formula Let’s FOIL and make one side equal to 0. 324+36G+ G2 + G2 = 194 2G2 +36G+324-194 =0 2G2 +36G+130=0 S = 18 + (-5) = 13 or S = 18+(-13)=5

Roots Word Problems Example 3: no equation Two numbers have a difference of 18. The sum of their squares is 194. What are the numbers? (18+G)2 + G2 = 194 The numbers are either -5 and 13 or -13 and 5

Roots Word Problems: Try one A rectangle is 8 feet long and 6 feet wide. If the same number of feet increases each dimension, the area of the new rectangle formed is 32 square feet more than the area of the original rectangle. How many feet increased each dimension? So 80 = (6+x)(8+x) The new are is 32+6x8 =32+48 =80 80=48+14x+x2 0=x2 +14x-32 The dimensions of the new rectangle are x =2 or x = -16 6+x and 8+x

A ball is thrown and follows the path described by the function h(t) = -5t2 +20t +1, where h is the height of the ball and t is the time since the ball was released. a) When was the ball at a height of 3.5m? 0 = -5t2 +20t -2.5 This question is looking for ‘t’ so it gives a specific h. In this case h = 3.5. 3.5 = -5t2 +20t +1 We will solve this by setting one side equal to zero and using the quadratic root formula One time is on the way up and the other is on the way down.

A ball is thrown and follows the path described by the function h(t) = -5t2 +20t +1, where h is the height of the ball and t is the time since the ball was released. a) When was the ball at a height of 3.5m? 0 = -5t2 +20t -2.5 The ball is at a height of 3.5m at two times: at t= 0.129s and at t = 3.871s

A ball is thrown and follows the path described by the function h(t) = -5t2 +20t +1, where h is the height of the ball and t is the time since the ball was released. b) How high is the ball after 4.0s? This question is looking for h given a value of t. t = 4.0 After 4.0 seconds in the air, the ball is 1 m off the ground. h = -5(4)2 +20(4) +1 h = -80 +80 +1 h = 1

A ball is thrown and follows the path described by the function h(t) = -5t2 +20t +1, where h is the height of the ball and t is the time since the ball was released. c) What is the ball’s maximum height? h = -5t2 +20t +1 The question is asking for height so I must know the time. Do I? The max height: The word MAXIMUM screams VERTEX!! I do know the time value… It’s The ball reaches its maximum height 2.0 seconds after being thrown The maximum height is 21 m

A ball is thrown and follows the path described by the function h(t) = -5t2 +20t +1, where h is the height of the ball and t is the time since the ball was released. d) When does the ball hit the ground? 0 = -5t2 +20t +1 This question is asking for the time so I must know the height. The height is 0 – hitting the ground! Time can’t be negative so this cannot be an answer.

A ball is thrown and follows the path described by the function h(t) = -5t2 +20t +1, where h is the height of the ball and t is the time since the ball was released. e) From what height was the ball thrown? This question is asking for the height so I must know the time. The time is 0 – just before it is thrown! h = -5(0)2 +20(0)+1 h =1

Max/min Finding Roots